The Effect Of Paced Breathing On Insomnia And Vagal...

Sleep can be effected in a number of ways whether it is by the environment, your thoughts, or your pre-sleep routine, there are multiple factors involved. Many people have their own techniques that work well for them and some doctors have recommendations of their own. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and show the effectiveness of paced breathing and breathing techniques on sleep, this will take into account peer-reviewed research, course and lecture materials. In a study used to determine the efficacy of paced breathing on insomnia and vagal activity 14 people with self reported insomnia (SRI) and 14 people who reported to be good sleepers (GS) were utilized to test the hypotheses that paced breathing would aid those with insomnia in falling asleep (Tsai, Kuo, Lee, Yang, 2014). The study measured variables such as sleep quality, sleep effectiveness, Heart rate variability, and cardiac vagal tone. For the individuals to be allowed in the SRI group they had to have difficul ty falling asleep, staying asleep, or trouble with waking up too early and not being able to go back to sleep more than 3 times per week, for 6 continuous months. All subjects of the study had to be between 20-25 years old and have a BMI within the normal range for their height and weight (18.5-24.5 Kg/m^). The subjects all had regular times that they went to bed and woke up and none reported having any history of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea or periodic limb movement, substance abuse,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep On Insomnia And Vagal Activity 14 People With Self Reported Insomnia867 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolved. Many people have their own techniques that work well for them and some doctors have recommendations of their own. One tried and true technique for falling asleep is by utilizing different breathing exercises or simply focusing on the breath. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of breathing techniques on sleep. In a study used to determine the efficacy of paced breathing on insomnia and vagal activity 14 people with self reported insomnia (SRI) and 14 people who reported

Henry David Thoreaus Transcendentalism - 1002 Words

Transcendentalists believed that humans and nature are one, and that each person is the center of the universe. Essentially, humans are Divine by nature. The main focus of transcendentalist authors was to make apparent the true nature of humankind, when they listened inwardly to their natural desires. Although many authors believed that people were instinctually good, there are a few that believed that humans are, by nature, evil. This essay will compare Henry David Thoreau’s positive transcendentalism, which believes everyone is good, to Nathaniel Hawthorne’s negative transcendentalist writings. Henry David Thoreau believed that nature and people were naturally good, and that humans can awaken themselves to that. What it means for humans†¦show more content†¦The use of the word here is to relate people who are not awake to parts of the train track that get buried underground and used or run over. Thoreau further explains the downsides of being a sleeper when he says: Did you ever think what those sleepers are that underlie the railroad? Each one is a man, an Irish-man, or a Yankee man. The rails are laid on them, and they are covered with sand, and the cars run smoothly over them. They are sound sleepers, I assure you. And every few years a new lot is laid down and run over; so that, if some have the pleasure of riding on a rail, others have the misfortune to be ridden upon. (1029) After reading this, it’s easy to see why it is better to be awake. If someone is a sleeper, they get run over by others and ridden upon. No one who is aware of that would wish for it to happen to them. However, despite sleepers being a common issue, Thoreau has hope. He sees the sleepers, and says that he is thankful that it looks like they may eventually â€Å"get up† (1029). This goes back to his positive transcendentalist view. He believes that everyone has the ability to wake up, even if they are currently sleepers. In contrast, Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporated a lot of dark romanticism into his transcendentalist views and writings, resulting in a much more negative take on transcendentalism. Where Thoreau believe that people can be spiritually awakened to their inner good, andShow MoreRelatedTranscendentalism Depicted in Henry David Thoreaus The Warmth of Other Suns741 Words   |  3 PagesTranscendentalism was a trend during the romantic period where some authors chose to depict the serenity and the innocence that nature holds. Transcendentalists also believed that living totally dependent on oneself brings out the best in a person. Being a fairly independent person myself, I can identify with some of their opinions about life and nature. The idea of nature being a spiritual experience is a rebellious idea compared to the rationalism of many others during the same time period.Read MoreThoreau And Transcendentalism Analysis828 Words   |  4 PagesThoreau’s views on Transcendentalis m and how he practiced it. If it has not become apparent thus far Emerson and Thoreau were close friends and lived with each other on occasion. Naturally because of their close friendship they influence each other’s work, but in most cases you can see Emerson’s influence in Thoreau’s works clearly. His is the main difference between the two writers however in their belief and writing patterns Thoreau loved nature. Thoreau’s love of nature can e explained here inRead More Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism730 Words   |  3 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, America’s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England. The basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the relationships between one’s self and the world at large. First, the searchRead MoreThe True Transcendentalist: Thoreau and Emerson775 Words   |  3 PagesRomanticism which was filled with emotion, individuality, and nature. But one of the greatest literary movements the one that will be focused on is transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is intuition and individual conscience that helps lead to the truth. When transcendentalism began to start two people played a major role Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, but who is truly a transcendentalist. Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803. His father was a ministerRead MoreWalden and Transcendentalism Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesWALDEN AND TRANSCENDENTALISM Henry Thoreau’s masterpiece, Walden or a Life in the Woods, shows the impact transcendentalism had on Thoreau’s worldview. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual over the material. Transcendentalism puts the emphasis on spiritual growth and understanding as opposed to worldly pleasures. Thoreau’s idea of transcendentalism stressed the importance of nature and being close to nature. He believed that nature was a metaphorRead MoreEarly American Transcendentalism1204 Words   |  5 PagesEarly American transcendentalism has one of the greatest influences towards American society because it is not only a philosophy, but also a religion and physical progression. During the early nineteenth century, Ralph Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and other radical individuals challenged the present day theories of values, ethics, and what it means to live life to the fullest (Timko). If early American transcendentalists were living among civil ians today, would present day civilians think the earlierRead MoreTranscendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesHenry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau grew up in poverty; his dad was unsuccessful and had trouble maintaining a steady job. Thoreau followed in his father’s footsteps, ultimately bouncing from job to job, scorned by society for his unconventional way of living and lack of income (Henry David Thoreau, Discovering Biography). Thoreau began to write with the guidance of Ralph Waldo Emerson who became one of the most important influences in his life. LivingRead MoreEssay on The Political Principles of Thoreau807 Words   |  4 PagesThe Political Principles of Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was, in many ways, ahead of his time in his political beliefs. During his brief life, he lectured occasionally and struggled to get his writings published. Gaining very little recognition during his lifetime, his death in 1862 went virtually unnoticed, and his true genius as a social philosopher and writer was not fully recognized until the twentieth century. Ironically, Civil Disobedience, the anti-war, anti-slavery essayRead MoreThe Effect Of Transcendentalism : Henry David Thoreau1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Transcendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalism is the American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century that was rooted in the pure Romanticism of the English and the German (Goodman). Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the father of Transcendentalism because his literature is the first to praise the notable spirituality of nature. The basic belief of the movement is to live authentically; being true to oneself (Day). The movement itselfRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : A Transcendentalist1438 Words   |  6 PagesHenry David Thoreau: A Transcendentalist Religion and politics are perhaps the most important topics of discussion, and paradoxically, the ones least discussed. Our differences cause us to shy away from such depth in our conversations with others and it is a remarkable human being who can share her opinion honestly on the subjects, and even more so, transcend the current popular opinions of the time. Henry David Thoreau was a man such as this. He spoke out against an unjust society and challenged

Definition and Examples of Editors

An editor is an individual who oversees the preparation of a text for newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, and books. The term editor may also refer to an individual who assists an author in copyediting a text. Editor Chris King describes her work as invisible mending. An editor, she says, is  like a ghost, in that her handiwork should never be apparent (Ghosting and Co-Writing in  The Ultimate Writing Coach, 2010).   Examples and Observations A good editor understands what youre talking and writing about and doesnt meddle too much.(Irwin Shaw)The worst editor of an authors writings is himself.(William Hone)Every writer needs at least one editor; most of us need two.(Donald Murray) Kinds of EditorsThere are many kinds of editors, related but not the same: journal editors; series editors; those who work with newspapers, magazines, films, as well as with books. The two kinds that concern us in scholarly publishing are editors and copyeditors. Unfortunately, the first term is commonly used for both, the cause--or rather the result--of a confusion in thinking. . . .To define and oversimplify . . . the editors mind sees the entire manuscript, grasps the thinking behind it, clear or not clear, is trained to judge its intellectual quality and relation to other work, can spot a chapter or a section or even a paragraph that has gone awry, and can tell the author where to fix it and sometimes how. But this kind of mind is often impatient with lesser matters, does not relish the painstaking, and often painful, work of detailed correction.(August Frugà ©, A Skeptic Among Scholars. University of California Press, 1993) A Sense of HierarchyEditors need a hierarchical sense of a manuscript, a book, or article. They need to see its structure, its totality, before they become involved in minutiae. A writer should be on the alert when an editor starts by fixing commas or suggesting little cuts when the real problem resides at the level of organization or strategy or point of view. Most problems in writing are structural, even on the scale of the page. . . .A sense of hierarchy is all the more necessary in editing because writers, too, want to concentrate on the little things. . . . To take your pencil to a manuscript is to endorse it, to say it just needs some fixes, when in fact it is just as likely to need rethinking altogether. I want to say and sometimes do say, Well, lets see if its ready to be marked up.(Richard Todd in Good Prose: The Art of Nonfiction by Tracy Kidder and Richard Todd (Random House, 2013) Roles of an EditorEditors in publishing houses can be perceived as basically performing three different roles, all of them simultaneously. First, they must find and select the books the house is to publish. Second, they edit . . .. And third, they perform the Janus-like function of representing the house to the author and the author to the house.(Alan D. Williams, What Is an Editor? Editors on Editing, ed. by Gerald Gross. Grove, 1993) An Editors LimitsA writers best work comes entirely from himself. The [editing] process is so simple. If you have a Mark Twain, dont try to make him into a Shakespeare or make a Shakespeare into a Mark Twain. Because in the end an editor can get only as much out of an author as the author has in him.(Maxwell Perkins, quoted by A. Scott Berg in Max Perkins: Editor of Genius. Riverhead, 1978) Heywood Broun on the Editorial MindThe editorial mind, so called, is afflicted with the King Cole complex. Types subject to this delusion are apt to believe that all they need do to get a thing is to call for it. You may remember that King Cole called for his bowl just as if there were no such thing as a Volstead amendment. What we want is humor, says an editor, and he expects the unfortunate author to trot around the corner and come back with a quart of quips.An editor would classify What we want is humor as a piece of cooperation on his part. It seems to him a perfect division of labor. After all, nothing remains for the author to do except to write.(Heywood Broun, Are Editors People? Pieces of Hate and Other Enthusiasms. Charles H. Doran, 1922)

The Rhetorical Analysis Of My Writing - 1443 Words

Some have ink instead of blood. I ve always liked writing. Even before I knew how to write I would make up stories and pretend to write them down. Each year in high school I ve written a multitude of essays on varying topics. I have selected three of these writings from each of my years in high school to examine as part of this rhetorical analysis of my writing history. As I ve grown older, my writing style has changed and I ve learned more about the world and developed my own personal writing voice more and more. Like many children, I learned to read and write around the age of five at both home and school. I learned to read by reading Dick and Jane. The writing was simple, but I loved the stories. That was always my favorite part†¦show more content†¦In this essay, I talk about the effect constant nurturing has on love in the introduction and the conclusion, yet in the body paragraphs I talk about love versus lust. I believe my essay could have been much stronger if I had managed to better incorporate bo th ideas to support my main idea. As it was, it sounded like two completely different essays combined into one. I think that it would be very interesting to rewrite that essay now using the same sources and information, but better incorporating the ideas and showing my voice. My past writing life has allowed me to learn and grow and develop my voice. The more I write, the more I understand what my voice is and how to use it. Trying to restrict myself to the five-paragraph essay structure inhibits my voice and makes it increasingly more difficult to showcase who I am as a writer in the world. When I remove that structure, I believe my voice can be heard loud and clear. When I write, I can explain my thoughts and ideas succinctly, and I believe that allows me to accomplish what I am trying to do more quickly. I am better at communicating through writing, which has been and will hopefully continue to be a great asset for me as I go through life. Up to this point, the majority of my writing has been for school, and for informal uses among my peers. When I was younger, there was nowhere near the amount of typing and talking to friends as there is now. I believe that asShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : My Writing Skills894 Words   |  4 Pagesam tearing my hair to squeeze every single word from my poor mind to finish this letter. Yet deep in my frontal cortex, there is no part of mechanisms that is designed for writing a self-analyzing letter to my instructors. However, it has been ten weeks I studied in this course, and all my favorite works in these ten weeks are gathering in this tiny portfolio. I have wrote a several rhetorical practices that taught me basic rules of rhetorical essays. I have wrote a rhetorical analysis, which explainedRead MoreWriting A Rhetorical Analysis On My Service Learning s Organization Website853 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcome is to develop flexible strategies for revising, editing, and proofreading writing. I believe that my first and third short assignment, and the second major paper will be able to demonstrate my ability to pull from given feedback by instructor and peers to successfully revise in order to produce effective works. 1. The writing demonstrates substantial and successful revision. After receiving the feedback for my first short assignment, I realized that were a lot of revision that needed to beRead MoreI Am A Foreign, Learning A Language, And An Argumentative Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesWriting has always been my greatest weakness throughout the years that i have been in school. Since I’am a foreign, learning a language was a challenging especially when my native language is completely different than English. Even though my communication skills have been improved dramatically since I have been here in the United States, writing is the only skill that i need to improve. I have signed up to take English 110C for mainly two reason. The first reason is that it is a mandatory courseRead MoreCritical Thinking Skill At Me My Professor948 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunity to explore my imagination; everything that I learn is factual and unquestionable. Having the opportunity to take an advanced course such as English 1301, opened the window to a world of i magination, information, and wisdom. Prior to taking this course I struggled with different writing skills such as, understanding the process of writing, analyzing reading selection and applying basic critical thinking skill in an argumentative essay. I also struggled with the analysis of specific contentRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Use Of Ethos, Pathos, And Logos Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesReflecting on the Rhetorical Analysis Writing this rhetorical analysis was a new experience to me. It proved to be very strenuous and took a lot of time to organize and think about exactly how to support everything. This rhetorical analysis has taught me how to use ethos, logos, and pathos while critically reading any text. This paper has helped me to understand that I even need ethos, logos, and pathos in my own work and how to incorporate it in my papers. This paper has been a great learning experienceRead MoreThe Real Tragedy Of Romeo And Juliet928 Words   |  4 Pagesa freshman at Roger Williams University in Bristol, RI, I took the writing class WTNG 102 Section 31, taught by Professor Ramey. All undergraduate students must receive at least a 70 as a final grade in the class prior to being enrolled in Critical Writing, WTNG 200 or 220. Entering college, I was most worried about taking Expository Writing because writing has never been one of my strengths. I have always struggled with writing transitions, and have m ade endless grammatical mistakes, including commaRead MoreSelf-Reflective Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge on rhetorical strategies and how to present arguments effectively. In the writings I have written, I feel that each writing works towards meeting the course goals. Logos, ethos, and pathos were strategies and ideas we were introduced to (if not already in the past) and were built upon throughout the quarter. The knowledge gained over the course of the quarter werent only those three types of appeals. Rhetorical strategies like proposals helped reinforce the course and using rhetorical analysisRead MoreEnglish Reflection1351 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom being a high school level writer to a college-level writer. However, English 10 has by far been my best experience in writing. By taking this course I have retrieved many helpful elements, that will help me become a successful writer throughout college. In high school, essays often gave me stress and anxiety, however, when taking English 10, I was able to learn to enjoy the process of writing purposefully and mindfully. Even though, I have taken advanced placement English courses in high schoolRead MoreReflection About Reading And Reflection1090 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I first received my classes for the fall semester of 2017, I noticed the class titled: Introductory College Writing. I instantly rolled my eyes and felt annoyed. Even though English as my favorite subject in high school, my favorite part of English was the reading aspect; I have always loathed the writing portion of English. My expectations in this class was I was going to write about a whole bunch of nonsense and hope to pass. But after participating in this course my expectations were thrownRead MoreHow Rhetoric Is Required For Every College Student1566 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent in order for them to write an academic essay. In college writing, many professors wants us, as students, to actually write a college paper, not an in formal paper that may be accepted in high school. de the reader feel that we know what we need to write and how to write rhetorical awareness is important for multilingual writer. Because The instructor want us to be able use our own knowledge and demonstrate our own skills while writing. Consequently, the more practice we have, the better we get

The Expected Pattern Of Development Of Children - 1387 Words

Unit 2 - Development and well-being 0-5 years Nargis Gafar D1: Describe the expected pattern of development of children aged 0-5 years for one of the areas of development: The expected pattern of children’s early years development from 0-5 years consists of Physical, Intellectual and Social and Emotional development. Children aged 0-5 years are expected to be able to walk, talk and interact with other children and adults by the time they are aged 5. Social Development is where a child learns to interact with other people and how to behave in different social situations and how to understand other people s feelings and their own feelings and how to manage them. Social and emotional development of babies and young children should be encouraged. This can be done through activities provided at any childcare settings or within the home. They should be given opportunities to interact with other children and adults. For example, they should play with their parents and have playdates with other children To give children the best opportunities in developing their social and emotional skills you need to give the child support and show them how to be with others, how to be kind to others and help them understand why people may behave in certain ways. They also need to be given positive interaction by the people around them. D2: Identify suitable methods for observing children’s holistic development: Some suitable methods of observing children’s holistic development areShow MoreRelatedDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young Peoples Development from Birth to 19714 Words   |  3 PagesTDA 2.1 Child and Young Person Development 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: physical, social, emotional, behavioural, intellectual and communicational development. Through a young person’s development, from birth to 19 they are expected to follow a development pattern including physical, social, environmental, behavioural, intellectual and communicational. The expected pattern is seen as the average time period it wouldRead MoreExpected Patterns of Development in Children Aged 0-19 Years Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesExpected patterns of development in children aged 0-19 years Age Group | Cognitive | Communication | Physical | Social, Emotional amp; Behavioural | Moral | 0-3 months | Recognition of the smell of her mother. Baby stops crying when she hears her mothers voice. Recognition of familiar voices. | Crying when hungry. Cooing from 5-6 weeks. Crying when distressed. | Swallowing reflex. Sucking reflex. Rooting reflex. | Smiles of contentment from 5-6 weeksRead MoreThe Expected Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Birth to 19 Years2466 Words   |  10 PagesDescribe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years Through a young person’s development, from birth to 19 they are expected to follow a development pattern including physical, social, environmental, behavioural, intellectual and communicational. The expected pattern is seen as the average time period it would take to accomplish these skills. The expected pattern starts at 0-3 years where a child is expected to develop the most. They have little controlRead MoreExplain the Reasons Why Children and Young Peoples Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern1058 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the reasons why children and young peoples development may not follow the expected pattern Q: Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern. The child: There are many factors that influence a child/young persons development such as health issues, personal characteristics, motivation to learn, behaviour, sensory impairment, disability and learning difficulties. Even before birth a child needs to reach many milestones and howeverRead MoreDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young People‚Äà ´s Development from Birth to 19.966 Words   |  4 PagesStages of Child Development Child Development For this unit you will need to be able to describe the expected pattern of development of children and young people from birth to 19 years. In groups you must complete the attached table to address 2.1: 1.1 and 1.2 2.1: 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19. Stage/Area of development | Physical development | Communication and intellectual development | Social, emotionalRead MoreDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young Peoples Development from Birth to 19 Years1545 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young peoples development from birth to 19 years. Birth; Recognise mothers voice and smell Able to cry to let everyone know they need help Actively learning through touch, taste and hearing Swallowing and sucking reflexes- ensuring that babies can feed and swallow milk Rooting reflex- babies move their head to look for a nipple or teat if the cheek and mouth are touched, helping the babies to find milk Read MoreExplain the Reasons Why Children and Young Peoples Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern697 Words   |  3 PagesUNDERSTAND CHILD AND YOUNG PERSONS DEVELOPMENT Unit 022 Outcome 3 Understand how to monitor children and young people’s development and interventions that should take place if this is not following the expected pattern 2 Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern There are many reasons and factors why a child is not following the expected pattern of development. For example the child may be emotionally unsettled due to a number ofRead MoreUnderstand the Expected Pattern of Development for Children and Young People from Birth – 19 Years.2122 Words   |  9 PagesUnderstand Child and Young Person Development Outcome 1 Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth – 19 years. |AGE |PHYSICAL |INTELLECTUAL COGNITIVE |COMMUNICATION |SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, BEHAVIOURAL MORAL | |At |Born with swallow and suckle reflex and will ‘root’, |Will recognise the sound of their primary Read MoreDescribe the expected pattern of children and young peoples development from birth to 19 years, to include: - physical development3356 Words   |  14 PagesAttachments TDA 2.1.1 ac[1.1a] Describe the expected pattern of children and young people s development from birth to 19 years, to include: - physical development When looking at the expected pattern of children and young peoples development from birth to 19 years, it is important to remember that each child will develop and grow at different rates. Reaching milestones at a more advanced pace or a slower pace than the broad average. This expected pattern includes physical, communication and intellectualRead More1.1 Describe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Birth to 19 Years2315 Words   |  10 Pages1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: * Physical development * Communication and intellectual development * Social, emotional and behavioural development Child development stages describe different milestones through a child’s growth from birth to 19 years. There is a wide variety of aspects that may include genetic, cognitive, physical, family, cultural, nutritional, educational, and environmental factors that

Importance of Professional Communication

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Professional Communication in ensuring Patient Safety. Answer: Todays health care system is characterized by multiple interfaces and patients interaction with several medical practitioners who have different levels of education and occupational training. During the patient stay in the hospital, he or she will interact with different healthcare employees including technicians, nurses, and physicians(Ulrich Kear, 2014). To attend to the patient satisfactorily, effective communication and team collaboration are very critical for all the health care system employees. Lack of proper communication can put the safety of the patients at risk. This is because ineffective communication may result in misinterpretation or lack of crucial information. Additionally, improper communication within the healthcare system creates a high probability of medical errors. These errors can contribute to either severe injuries or unexpected patient's death(Ulrich Kear, 2014). The majority of the stakeholders have ascribed these errors to poor communication in the healt h care system. In the following discussion, this paper aims to explain the importance of professional communication to ensure patient safety. The essay achieves this by using excerpts from various journal articles as references. Patient safety involves measures applied by the healthcare organizations and individuals to protect healthcare recipients from any harm. The safety of the patients is not only confined to the physical protection, but it also comprises ensuring the cultural, emotional and psychological safety of the patients. The implementation of patient safety within an organization is an act that calls for the attribute of trustworthy. This helps healthcare organizations to reduce the occurrence of the adverse events and their impacts in case they occur. As discussed at the beginning of this paper patient safety is one of the critical issues facing the health care system today. Therefore, contemporary health care organizations demand health care professionals be endowed with high communication skills to manage tensions and complexities existing in these organizations effectively. Communication in any given context does not only entail the provision of information, advice or instructions. According to Dunne (2005) as cited by Levett-Jones (2016) communication is a two-way process that involve all elements of communication to be shared either verbally or non-verbally and the message being sent be understood as intended. However, this is not the case in the majority of the health care organizations. Many of the health professionals perceive that effective communication involves providing patients with timely, clear and unambiguous information. Even through this is a good approach to communicating it does not meet the criteria of effective communication. To avoid this premature closure, communication should comprise the elements of both listening and talking (Levett-Jones, 2016). For example, when health professionals listen to their patients they are unlikely to rush to the erroneous conclusions before obtaining all information from the patient. Good communication between the medical practitioners and patients should be appropriate, timely, accurate and inclusive (Levett-Jones, 2016). Many health care stakeholders attribute quality health care to appropriate communication. This argument is well exhibited in the survey conducted by New South Wales Health in 2009 among the Australian patients and their families to determine their preferences while undergoing through the health care system. From the analysis of the survey, New South Wales Health inferred the importance of communication was very fundamental for the patients to express their concerns(Levett-Jones, 2016). For example, patients surveyed argued that they preferred health care professionals to act at their best to help them in managing pains. Patients were also concerned on how medical results are explained, and they suggested that they should be communicated understandably. Effective communication is also crucial in impacting patients' outcomes in several ways. According to Harms (2007) as explained by Levett-Jones (2013) effective communication and conformance to medication programs enhances pain management and helps in reducing stress and anxiety. Similarly, Goleman (2006) noted that effective communication improves patients psychological status, functional status, self-esteem, mood, and self-management. Mickan Rodger (2005) noted that effective communication results in reduced costs, enhanced health care coordination, reduced time of hospitalization and symptoms resolution. Again, Mickan Rodger observed that appropriate communication improves the wellbeing of the patients and enhance patient satisfaction. Other scholars such as Vats and Abbott found that good communication reduces deaths resulting from surgical operations as well as post-operation complications. On the other hand, poor communication contributes to patients harm, increased risk of e rror, non-compliance, lack of trust, misunderstanding, confusion, anger and hostility(Levett-Jones, 2016). The contemporary health care organizations poor communication can be addressed using patient-centered care. This recognition of this aspect is greatly changing patient-safe communication among the health professionals and healthcare organizations. Patient-centered care approach views patients as integral part of the healthcare staff (Levett-Jones, 2013). This approach has been highly embraced by the patients and their families. Patient-centered care entails observing critical aspects such as transparency, choice, respect, autonomy, dignity, empathy and an urge to assist other achieve the life they want. In fact, it is a holistic approach that emphasizes on embracing patients' illness, knowledge, and skills on their status and their experience (Levett-Jones, 2013). The modern health care organization are largely appreciating effective communication through involving patients in the communication and letting them express their feelings and experiences. Documentation care is another technique used to improve communication in the health care system. This is a document that describes all pertinent interactions between the health professionals and the client. It gives information about the care and services to the patient(Hall, 2016). Apart from documentation care, management information systems are also used to manage the patients data. These two systems support confidential, secure, accurate and timely patient-specific information. These are the two systems which are widely being used by the nurses and midwives to document patients' information. Effective communication, patient-centered care, documentation care and management information systems would futile in the improvement of the healthcare systems without observance of the nursing ethics(Australian Nursing Midwifery Council, 2015). Studies indicate that ethics are very influential in ensuring quality nursing care for all people irrespective of their cultural diversity. When supplemented with effective communication, nursing ethics guides nurses in recognizing the rights of all people and makes them aware that they have a moral duty to protect patients dignity. This is achieved through recognizing and respecting critical human aspects such social, political, economic, cultural and civil rights. References Australian Nursing Midwifery Council. (2015). Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. Dickson ACT: Australian Nursing Midwifery Council. Hall, H. R. (2016). Fundamentals of Nursing and Midwifery. Retrieved from Wolters Kluwer Health: https://www.ebrary.com Levett-Jones, T. (2013). Critical Conversations for Patient Safety. Australia: Pearson Australia. Retrieved from https://www.ebrary.com Levett-Jones, T. (2016). Critical Conversations for Patient Safety. Australia: Pearson Australia. Retrieved from https://www.ebrary.com Ulrich, B., Kear, T. (2014). Patient Safety and Patient Safety Culture: Foundations of Excellent Health Care Delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447-455.

Unity Bank free essay sample

The four major areas to be considered during the integration were software, infrastructure, organization structure, and people. The team’s task was challenging as it had called for a $60 million saving in two years, nearly half of Delta’s current operational expense. The pressure was intense as merging two emerging entities was a huge task. The management was unequipped with plan and was not aware the first area that they needed to tackle. We believe that the integration could be managed by gradually consolidating Delta systems into LEAD, pushing back the deadline by 2 years, creating cash and transition incentives to increase employee productivity and decrease resistance, offer clients discounted rate to retain them and implement a flexible/parallel problem solving approach. OVERVIEW: Unity Bank will have the largest market share in the US after the acquisition of Delta is finalized. This has presented the management of Unity, the company acquiring Delta, with many obstacles. We will write a custom essay sample on Unity Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The shareholder employee management services industry has been increasingly relying on advanced IT to handle both the massive volume of shareholders and the complexity of the transactions needed to be processed. Unity is currently faced with multiple conundrums in how to integrate the two company’s systems into one mechanism that will allow for economies of scale and high efficiency. The two company’s systems are different on many levels that impact flawless integration. Unity and Delta both operate on different programming language and also have vastly different user-interface utilities. Unity’s system offers more advanced services to its clients but is not set up for the huge volume soon to be created by the acquisition. Delta services are more limited; however their systems were made for high volume levels. Unfortunately, there are numerous difficult problems that must be addressed and solved in order for the acquisition not to become the demise of Unity. Each problem has many layers of complexity that must be solved in addition the management team needs to grasp which area to tackle first within their time and budget constraints.Done successfully Unity can transform into a world leader in shareholder employee management services. We conclude that each are must properly addressed with a stringent set of priorities in place in order to not become one of the many failed cases of mergers and acquisitions. Savings goal hindering integration effectiveness This is the largest problem for the integration team because most of the other problems can be solved if the y were given more time. Due to the due diligence restrictions, the integration team was unable to proceed with the merger for about 8 months, yet the company only gives them three years to cut IT spending by $60 million. Given the complexity of the process and the implication of current decisions on future success, this time issue can lead to rushed decisions and integration failure. Alternatives: A. Push back the deadline by 2 years By giving the integration team more time, the target saving will be more ealistic and the integration team will have time to learn more about Delta software systems, analyze problems more carefully, and recognize which Delta employees are contributing and which are not. Each of these processes is essential to building a successful company. Disadvantages: †¢ May not solve more complicated problems that are unrelated to time. †¢ Decreases short-term profits for shareholders. B. Establish tiered savings program Set more obtainable goals to meet the board’s expectation. Set half-year goals with what can realistic be accomplished and reduce staff as you finish sections of the integration.After each system is upgraded or integrated into another, eliminate all non-essential staff. Disadvantages: †¢ May not solve the time constraint issue †¢ Creates artificial deadlines which might add more pressure C. Eliminate short-term saving goal To maximize shareholder value in the long term and to protect the very existence of Unity Bank, eliminate any constraints on having nothing less than a perfect smooth integration with Delta. Without the fear of immediate termination, Delta employees may be more willing to cooperate. Savings will eventual be met and more likely exceed the projected $60 million.Disadvantages: †¢ This means greater expense for the company. †¢ Decreases profits from shareholders in the short run. 2. Inability to prioritize critical factors for integration Delta is one the biggest acquisitions for Unity and the integration process requires well-planned strategies. The four major areas of integration are software, infrastructure, organizational structure, and personnel. Deciding the order in which to tackle the four areas is challenging since Unity has never merged with such a large company and there is no statistical model from which the team can work. Alternatives: A. Hire an outside consultant to advice the integration process Management can hire a consultant with experience in large scale MA to advice them on the order of integration. Disadvantages: †¢ Consultants may not have access to all the information they need to be helpful. †¢ Higher cost to Unity in both money and time. B. Prioritize based on the difficulty level Unity can first integrate the area that is the easiest to integrate and then go from there. This is likely to ease the integration process as the company takes one small step at a time. Without knowing which system to use as the target platform, the managers cannot decide which departments to eliminate, what the infrastructure should be like and what kinds of staff members to keep. Both Unity and Delta have their own software systems but they all need upgrades before they can satisfy the new company’s needs. In addition, Delta runs on four separate systems rather than one mainframe system, making them very expensive to run. Alternatives: A. Integrate Delta systems into LEAD and use it as the target platform Since LEAD is more powerful, user-friendly, and cost effective make it the mainframe system for the new organization.Disadvantages: †¢ It is costly to consolidate Delta’s four systems and then upgrade LEAD. †¢ It is a time consuming process. B. Upgrade BLAIR to use as the mainframe system BLAIR is more functional efficient than any other system. Unity can upgrade BLAIR to include all the services from Delta’s four systems. BLAIR also creates recognizable entry barrier to competitors as it includes unique functions that other companies have not yet been able to replicate. Disadvantages: †¢ BLAIR requires more knowledgeable and expensive IT staff. †¢ It is time-consuming and requires specialized developers. C. Use an outside software provider to create a new system encompassing all the necessary functions An outside provider may have solutions to certain technological difficulties that the current IT team is experiencing and design a system that is both modern and efficient. Disadvantages: †¢ Outside developers are not familiar with the company’s every need. †¢ It can take a long time and high cost. 4. People are resistant to changes / Diminished employee loyalty and satisfaction Employees at both Delta and Unity prefer to keep their own systems because they don’t want to have to learn each other’s system.In addition, employees at Delta are unhappy about the new company invading their territory. Without the support of employees from both sides, a successful integration will be unlikely. Alternatives: A. Initiate an internal market campaign The new organization can create company seminars and publications to advertise the benefits of the new updated system including higher efficiency, more revenue for the company, and therefore, bigger bonuses for employees. Disadvantages: †¢ It may only lower but not completely dissolve people’s resistance. †¢ The effects may not be permanent.B. Hire new employees Get rid of employees who are strongly against changes and hire new ones who are more eager to work with the new company. This will also eliminate those employees who will seek to slow down the integration process. Disadvantages: †¢ The company can lose valuable and talented IT professionals. †¢ New employees will require extensive training and may not be as good. C. Create a cash and transition incentive program People are against changes because learning a new system or getting to know a new company is time-consuming and challenging.Unity can create a program where there are monetary incentives to boost employee productivity. To minimize resistance, Unity can provide a training seminar at a popular destination so that the employees can have fun while taking training courses. Disadvantages: †¢ Employees may not be able to learn everything unless the program runs on for weeks, which means more money to be spent. 5. Client service disruption There will be a period in which services at the new organization will be slow and disruptive as the company try to pour data from one system to the other and as it reorganize the organizational structure.This poses a major risk for the business as it may upset some clients and cause them to switch company. Alternatives: A. Retain each company’s systems Leave each company’s systems alone and let them operate separately. Disadvantages: †¢ This will be very costly in long term and diminishes the acquisition rationale. †¢ Information will not be able to flow smoothly from system to the other. B. Hire temporary employees during the transition period When the company is ready to work on the software integration, hire interns and temporary employees to help the current employees with data transfer and customer services.Disadvantages: †¢ This requires the company to pay for and train new employees. †¢ This may not solve technology-related service disruption problems. C. Provide customers with incentives to stay To prevent customers from switching, Unity offer discounted service fee during the transition period while hiring more customer service agents to serve those customers. By doing so, it will make the customers feel more important and more loyal to the company. Disadvantages: †¢ This is expensive to implement. The fee may not be low enough to gain customer loyalty. Competitors  acquired  more innovative software: The forte of an organization, especially in the service sector like IT industry, is its product features. In a cut throat competition, if a market competitor betters these features, the company faces a threat of losing out on not just potential clients but also existing ones. Likelihood – High 2. Economic slowdown: In the event of an economic slowdown, the overall business of the clients is likely to reduce.The prime focus of the merger was not only to acquire the brand name that Delta provided but also retain its customers after the merger thereby multiplying profits. With cost cut backs from these clients, economic slowdown could seriously damage Unity’s plan. Likelihood – Average 3. Natural Disaster: Disasters like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis are completely unpredictable. As a result, each company adheres to a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) that determines the downtime in restoration of services back to its normal flow.