Reincarnation - Buddhism vs. Hinduism free essay sample

While the general idea is available in various religions, there are likewise huge contrasts between the different conviction frameworks, to be specific Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is accepted that a suffering soul makes due after death, invests a variable measure of energy in another domain, and afterward becomes related with another body. Resurrection into the other gender or, in specific situations, into a nonhuman creature structure is viewed as conceivable. Hinduism incorporates the idea of karma, the possibility that the conditions into which one is conceived are dictated by one’s lead in different past lives. The law of karma works impartially and it relentlessly allots the consequences of one’s activities, many resurrections, known as samsara. There are incalculable living creatures and innumerable degrees of resurrection from those in the hells to plants, creatures, people, and divine beings. It is accepted that detestable karma may bring resurrection at lower levels, and great karma may bring resurrection at higher human levels or even as a divine being or goddess. We will compose a custom paper test on Resurrection Buddhism versus Hinduism or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After much otherworldly practice, and an individual at last understands their own perfect nature, all craving for the joys of the world will evaporate, and the individual will stop to be reawakened. The individual is said to have achieved moksha, or salvation from samsara. It is basically when they â€Å"wake up† to the idea of the real world. The Buddhist idea of resurrection, all the more usually called resurrection, contrasts altogether from the Hindu confidence in that there is no perpetual soul, soul, or everlasting self to resurrect; there is no suffering substance that endures starting with one life then onto the next. The Buddha depicted rebirth as lighting progressive candles utilizing the fire of the first flame. Albeit each fire is coolly associated with the one that preceded it, it isn't a similar fire. At the point when one character bites the dust, another one appears. Buddhism instructs that what is reawakened isn't the individual however that one second offers ascend to another and that this force proceeds much in the afterlife. Rather than a fixed element, what is renewed is a â€Å"stream of consciousness,† whose quality has been molded by karma. It is like Hinduism in that karma decides the conditions of resulting lives, so there is coherence between characters however not tirelessness of personality. Conditions of resurrection are not seen as remunerations or disciplines from a controlling God yet are the normal consequences of different great deeds and wrongdoings. The pattern of resurrections includes enduring and proceeds until all longings are lost and nirvana is accomplished. The essential distinction among Hinduism and Buddhism is this. Hindus have confidence in an outer presence of self which can in the long run converge into a more noteworthy self, and Buddhists accept that oneself is at last temporary, and its end is opportunity from material presence which is languishing. They are very various methodologies, yet the practices, for example, contemplation, reciting, and self-control, and impacts, for example, bliss and peacefulness, are fundamentally the same as. Both understand that life seen through the real faculties isn't a definitive reality which is otherworldly to the material world. Both likewise have a confidence in karma. Being a Christian, the possibility of resurrection is entirely remote and a bit of alarming. I have gotten so used to having one life that I can't envision what it resembles to realize you will be reawakened, and potentially as a creature. As it were, I feel like Hindus and Buddhists pay attention to their religion more since there primary objective is to accomplish moksha/nirvana, and to do so they need to live a few unfortunate lives. I am certain I would be behaving as well as possible as well on the off chance that I realized I could be reawakened as something terrible. It appears as though they adore significantly more regularly and endure until the finish of their resurrections, where as Christians generally simply revere once every week and appear to appreciate life more; they do no attention on enduring as much as they probably am aware they just have one life. I regard the thought and the two religions, however I simply make some hard memories getting a handle on the idea. In Christianity, rebirth is ordinarily dismissed and there is just a single life. In view of Jesus’s lessons, Christians accept that God made people to live forever in cooperation with him. The future incorporates the revival surprisingly, a judgment, and unceasing life in either paradise or damnation. Christians accept there will be where everyone’s life will be assessed. The individuals who rely upon Christ for salvation can be guaranteed that they will pass this judgment. The Bible expresses that there are two unique results for interminable life: paradise and hellfire. They are depicted utilizing terms that appear to be figurative: a city worked of gold in paradise, a pool of fire for damnation. While Hindus and Buddhists have confidence in rebirth, karma, and freedom, Christian’s have faith in death, revival, and judgment. Man just has one natural life and demise, and when he bites the dust his soul will be brought together with his body. Men regularly don't get reasonable or just compensations for their lives. Rather, when Jesus returns, He will pass judgment on all men and proclaim our endless compensations based on our lives, fortunate or unfortunate. The idea of rebirth appears to offer one of the most alluring clarifications of humanity’s source and predetermination. The possibility of numerous passings and resurrections is an intriguing one, yet a solid confidence in numerous religions, for example, Hinduism and Buddhism.

New Technologies and Documentary Storytelling Essay

New Technologies and Documentary Storytelling - Essay Example This paper talks about that the new advancements forthcoming in the media business, for example, video altering and computerized camera programming, have made narrative filmmaking a result of storyteller’s diligence and vision, the narrator is regularly the executive of such narrative. Numerous watchers have had a stodgy view of what comprise narrative narrating; be that as it may, the effect of the new innovations on narrative narrating has changed the point of view on narrative narrating, which has become a short type of computerized media creation because of the nearness of advanced camera programming. This has permitted individuals to over the world offer the components of their biographies. Video altering programming has additionally empowered narrative narrating to incorporate film methods that are advanced comparable, livelinesss, movement video with sound, and different sorts of non-physical media. This report focuses on that new advancements are changing narrative narrating exceptionally quick in the manner they are delivered, experienced, and disseminated. Numerous media researchers have thought of various advanced camera and video altering programming that has seen narrative narrating hit a higher indent. Creation and coordinating has gotten increasingly compelling and effective. Along these lines, numerous individuals share their biographies and the characteristic circumstance of the world and genuine conditions confronting the world. In spite of the fact that media industry recently experienced issues applying media methods to narrative narrating, the rising advancements has made it a lot simpler for their creation. Powerful narrative narrating by narrators is an aftereffect of individual want to investigate genuine circumstances and offer nonfictional films on TVs. The new advancements has changed narrative narrating through the accessibility of photography, sound, video, and computerized camera programming, which has made a move from detached media clients to dynamic media customers. Because of these new advancements, media shoppers are at present assuming principle jobs as specialists of communication that change media employments. Through the new advancements that recognize the current situation with narrative narrating as far as creation, experience, and conveyance, narrative narrators would now be able to shed new lights when creating encounters of verifiable media (Rony, 2007). Being a narrative movie producer, narrator implies more than reporting calling in the media business. This is fundamentally in light of the fact that narrative narrating includes a wide kind of movement nonfictional pictures that are proposed to archive some reality viewpoints significantly for the motivations behind keeping up a record of history. This needs usage of a lot of media standards and guidelines, for example, reasonable utilization of stories including indiv iduals and the world. Narrative movie producers make a simple, away from of sensible and reasonable ways to deal with reasonable use through their expert affiliations. Reasonable use, in certain conditions, is the option to cite materials that is copyrighted without paying for or approaching power and consent for it. Being a narrator requests a comprehension of the basic component of copyright law. This is on the grounds that copyright is significant in the calling and is relevant to the creation of any sort of media

NASA risk management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NASA hazard the executives examination - Essay Example The shortcomings unmistakably showed in the RIDM procedure flowchart incorporate comprehension the stakeholders’ desires. In any association, the quantity of partners and their desires can be particularly extraordinary, accordingly causing a significant plot of characterizing their general desires. This will make it significantly harder to make a presentation estimation examination, along these lines, making one more motivation to begin the initial step once more. Beginning again from stage one will require the utilization of assets both material and money related and an expansion of the time contrast made should be either supplanted or instigated into an extra time framework. Another shortcoming is if the forced imperatives are adjusted amidst assessing the exhibition of the proposed choices. On the off chance that the forced imperatives are changed, at that point the whole research should start from the initial phase so as to cover all regions of recognizing dangers and openings. Subjective measures characterize the way where reports of the exhibition measures are introduced in a built scale (NASA, 2011). With regards to the portrayal of information from the RIDM procedure of the presentation estimates stage, the data won't contain any numerical data. Everything about be introduced in developed scale that venture the rank terms. This kind of information introduction requires proficient quality investigation aptitudes to decipher the data and make it a lot simpler for everybody to get it. Innovation status level is one case of a parameter that estimates quality execution. The principle challenge in utilizing quality measures is that there are an excess of enunciated content in the reports when the open who will audit it would much rather have a rundown of it to set aside on the time spent looking into it. This can even impact the absence of survey of this data that is central while leading the RIDM method. Because of the multifaceted nature of the data introduced, the aptitudes

In What Way Does The Final Scene of Act 1 Demonstrate Dramatically The

How Does The Final Scene of Act 1 Demonstrate Dramatically The Strains Between The Characters Which Will Lead to Tragedy? The last scene of Act 1 in Arthur Miller's 'A View From The Bridge' exhibits emotional pressure in a wide range of ways. It is made genuinely obvious from the last snapshots of the demonstration when Alfieri comes back to the phase that the play will end in disaster. Mill operator appears this through discourse between the characters and in the ample stage headings with which he generously sprinkles the content. There is a scope of contention present in the scene. The focal clash be that as it may, includes Eddie's unacknowledged envy towards Rodolfo; this is the most grounded. The above question is obviously noticeable when Eddie goes to visit Alfieri just because. He makes meager cases about Rodolfo's sexual influence while never considering him a gay. Eddie declares to Alfieri that the person ain't right and that he ain't no tenor. He proceeds by adding that if one somehow happened to go into a room when Rodolfo was singing, you wouldn't be searching for him, you'd be searching for her. He is distrustful that there is no response in the law that will forestall Rodolfo, a submarine or unlawful migrant, from wedding Catherine. At the point when he leaves Alfieri's office, Eddie has made it understood he would never sell out the cousins. By the by the crowd is caused to feel that he may yet take the common topic of individual equity into his own hands, if not by educating the specialists regarding their illicit nearness in the nation, at that point by some different methods. This is appeared by the degree of Eddie's displeasure when he says he's taking from me and [he] puts his tarnished hands on her like a goddam hoodlum. Miller passes on th... ... the characters that will prompt catastrophe through the way he cautiously structures the play so that the focal strain, Eddie versus Rodolfo, increments as the activity unfurls. This is valid for the 'minor' strains as well, for example Beatrice versus Eddie. The pressures themselves are developed by the concise exchange and the careful stage bearings, for example scouring his clench hands into his palms; redirecting their consideration; he detects he is uncovering the issue and he is driven on. Mill operator emulates Greek disaster with a theme - Alfieri - who remarks on the activity. Alfieri carries out this responsibility well and is continually alluding to the heartbreaking completion he knows is going to unfurl. Incidentally, after the initial barely any scenes the crowd figure it out that Alfieri was directly toward the start and the play is going to end in disaster. How it will come about is as yet muddled toward the finish of Act 1, be that as it may.

summer lovin ??

summer lovin ?? As of one week ago, it is officially summer!!!01 and oh boy does the weather know it... i swear it jumped like 5 degrees celsius as soon as the solstice came around Heres what Im up to :D In like November/December (which seems so long ago now), the concept of summer wasnt real to me. I couldnt visualize my actual self having a summer, only what The Ideal Nonexistent MIT Student would be doing in my place. So I applied to some fancy-dancy computer science internships and got some much-less-fancy rejection emails. (Which wasnt too surprising, given my relative lack of related experience.) This did not particularly get me down, however, because over the winter break I realized that it was my actual self, and not the Ideal MIT Student, who would be existing this summer. And my actual self really wanted to go home for the summer. Like, REALLY wanted to go home. I missed my parents, my house, my city, my dog, my friends So I googled for the email addresses of some professors at the university near home, sent out cold emails aka begged strangers for a job, and three Skype interviews later, here I am! It turns out that me and my very weird and variegated resume (programming, Latin, linguistics) are just right for a very particular project: looking at DEEDS, or the *clears throat* Documents of Early England Data Set. Heres a real contract! The picture is from the French book Les Pratiques de LÉcrit Dans Les Abbayes Cisterciennes, and the caption in French is describing the subject of the contract (some land being given to monks from Pontigny). The background is that in medieval England, every time a contract was drawn up for land or property transfer, it was monks who did the writing (since, uh, writing is hard if you are a peasant). They wrote in Latin, of course, on vellum.02 aka pieces of animal skin Over time, the vellum fell apart, and all the little pieces of it were hard to keep track of. The contracts were recopied into big paper books, or cartularies, full of lots of different contracts, about different people and places and things. So although we still have the Latin words themselves, a lot of the original info about the contracts (say, when they were written, where, or by whom) has been lost. Enter: natural language processing! My job is to work together with some other people with different skillsets and backgrounds03 for example, statistics! i know no statistics, but hot diggity am i very rapidly figuring some out. to try to analyze the wording of the contracts and draw some useful conclusions. Did different orders of monks each have some words or phrases that were particular to them? What does that tell us about those orders (perhaps geographical location, or something about their values or faith)? Maybe right now youre thinking wow, that sounds really boring (like one of my friends said after I told him about my summer job you know who you are! ;) But I think its just the coolest thing ?? I get to write code, attempt and fail to translate medieval Latin,04 its actually pretty different from classical Latin in terms of vocabulary, and much less well documented -- if anyone knows of a good dictionary, plssss hit me up! and learn a bit of history too along the way. And you know what? Except for all the sitting,05 oh my god, so much sitting, im actually developing back problems having a job is pretty dang awesome. This is not a particularly Hot Take, but wow getting to go home at 5 pm and have the rest of the night to yourself, rather than having psets and essays and quiz prep follow you home, is incredible. I get to cook dinner with my parents! Or go out with my friends! My mom and I are lifting weights at the YMCA together, and I think Im going to start running with my dad.06 we run at the nearby high school track, and public school only just got out for the summer My city is such a beautiful place: filled with flowers and buildings and people. Time passes differently here, although just as weirdly: at MIT the days are slow because they are full, and the weeks are fast because I am tired. Here, the days are slow because they are empty (or, you know, emptier) and the weeks are fast because I am content. At MIT, Im happy Im always learning, moving forward, making progress, feeling satisfied but here, my forward pace has slowed.07 although not stopped -- i have learned SO MUCH about real-world programming in the past few weeks that my classes could never have taught me I am warmed by the sun, and like molasses, my time drips sloooooowly off the giant spoon of the universe. There is much more ahead of me: the fall, new classes, a new room, catching up with MIT friends but for now there is lunch in the sun with friends, a small dog who welcomes me home each night, cooking with my family and coding with a purpose, and life is very, very good. Post Tagged #Home #nlp and oh boy does the weather know it... i swear it jumped like 5 degrees celsius as soon as the solstice came around back to text ? aka pieces of animal skin back to text ? for example, statistics! i know no statistics, but hot diggity am i very rapidly figuring some out. back to text ? it's actually pretty different from classical Latin in terms of vocabulary, and much less well documented -- if anyone knows of a good dictionary, plssss hit me up! back to text ? oh my god, so much sitting, i'm actually developing back problems back to text ? we run at the nearby high school track, and public school only just got out for the summer back to text ? although not stopped -- i have learned SO MUCH about real-world programming in the past few weeks that my classes could never have taught me back to text ?

Foundation of Ethics Virtue and Values - 2200 Words

Foundation of Ethics: Virtue and Values (Essay Sample) Content: Foundation of Ethics: Virtue and Values Name Instructor Institution Date of submission  Ethics is a basic necessity in the lives of human beings. It is the means in which people make decisions on their way of action for instance in business. Without ethics, the actions of human beings would be objective less and might end up achieving no significant outcome (Semetsky, 2011 p 54).There wouldn’t have been means of achieving some goals because it was to be difficult to select a few among the many goals. Sometimes it is difficult to pursue goals even with standardized ethics leading to failure of achieving them (Day therefore it can decide based on given agreements to amend the principles to take a different form that is acceptable. Ethical standards define what is bad and what is good. Habitually, decent decisions have an outright eminence to the moral principles. Most contexts of morals are not easily altered by mere mortals but the interpretation and use of the written morals differ from society to society and from generation to generation (Hackenberg& Lawler, 2002 p 91). An appropriate basis of ethics needs a standard worth which all the objectives and aims can be acted upon in pursuit of success. This level of action is portrayed in our daily chores and the ethical principles in our lives, and the joy they bring which makes them to be accommodated by the community (Hackenberg& Lawler, 2002 p 99). This is the ultimate goal of ethics which every member of the community strives to reach. It is reached by examining the nature of human beings and identification of the unique needs of man (Freeman, Engels &Altekruse, 2004 p 97). A suitable framework of ethics should not only encompass emergency incidents, but daily choices which are made by human beings. It should contain the relations among people, and state their significance not merely to the physical living of people, but also the well-being of the society (Day & Butler, 2011 p 103 ). There are various methods which are used in the determination regarding the ethical nature of a decision. Some of these methods include utilitarian. This is a method which states that goods produced, should be produced with a motive of providing the greatest and best good for the greatest and for the majority of the people. This implies that businesses should aim at producing goods, which will benefit the larger society if not the whole. The other method used for determining the ethical nature of a decision is justice. This model states that the distribution of harms and benefit should be done in a manner that is equitable, fair and impartial. The other model that determines the ethical aspect of a decision is moral rights. This method states that the privileges and rights of individuals should be protected (May, Cheney, & Roper, 2007 p 87). Social responsibility denotes a theory of ethics, that a business, organization, or a person has a duty of benefiting the society. This is a duty that each person needs to do as a way of maintaining the balance that exists between the ecosystem and the economy. The existence of a trade off is present between the society welfare and the economic development in terms of material sense, and the environment (Hunnicutt, 2009 p 73). However, social responsibility is said to be the aspect of sustaining and maintaining the equilibrium that exists amid the two. In essence, this pertains to all the people who are said to have an attachment with the environment. If a company does as per the laws regulated and implemented by the bodies regarding environment, this makes them face minimal speculations. Social responsibility is an idea that should be practiced in all aspects of life. It is an ethical requirement which is vital in any society. It embraces inclusiveness and ensures that people are focused on the well-being of the bigger population and not driven by self-motifs at the expense of others. For instance in business, one sho uld not prioritize in maximizing profits regardless of the quality of services or goods. Social responsibility in business includes establishing business with a good relationship between the environment and the society at large (Freeman & Francis, 2006 p 118). Business ethics looks into the environment because it is an important factor which business persons do their transactions efficiently. It is one of the factors which are used in estimating their success. By application of ethics in business most firms have placed social responsibility to be their chief part integrated in the model of their business. For instance, if one comes from or lives in a community which an ethical principle of objecting smoking, then the business person will not invest in companies of tobacco (Hackenberg& Lawler, 2002 p 107). Cohen suggests that there should be a balance between the liberties of expressing one’s opinion and social responsibility. Social responsibility calls for transparency, acco untability and being answerable to all actions one does. People stay in communities and they have roles which they should generous play (Day & Butler, 2011 p 113). The duties can either be good, leading to positive outcome or bad leading to negative outcome. In most cases responsibilities which are bad only involve personal issues but the ones which are good consider the wellbeing of both the community and the environment and in such there is no selfish motifs attached (Freeman & Francis, 2006 p 124). When one does the business, ethically he or she puts other people into consideration. It is necessary for people to know and be able to differentiate between good and bad. After knowing then they are required to act accordingly (Freeman & Francis, 2006 p 127). Cohen groups people into two categories based on the context of internet: net-users and net-citizens. The term net user is a general term which does not give a specific explanation to the group (Freeman, Engels &Altekruse, 2004 p 131). It only shows that this people use the internet and the way they use it is either good or bad. Net-citizen shows that this group utilizes the internet correctly and as a fundamental part of their daily lives (Hackenberg& Lawler, 2002 p 129).They is accountable and answerable to their use of internet. They lead to the development of internet services and make sure that the way they use it is constructive and respect other people’s views and opinions. Therefore, net-citizens use the internet in a responsible manner (Freeman & Francis, 2006 p 143).Regarding to this explanation, all the stakeholders in business should do their activities as required while considering other people, the prosperity of the business and the environment in which they work (Freeman & Francis, 2006 p 149). Drucker did not find a precise answer which would respond to all eventualities. A...

The Effect Of Paced Breathing On Insomnia And Vagal...

Sleep can be effected in a number of ways whether it is by the environment, your thoughts, or your pre-sleep routine, there are multiple factors involved. Many people have their own techniques that work well for them and some doctors have recommendations of their own. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and show the effectiveness of paced breathing and breathing techniques on sleep, this will take into account peer-reviewed research, course and lecture materials. In a study used to determine the efficacy of paced breathing on insomnia and vagal activity 14 people with self reported insomnia (SRI) and 14 people who reported to be good sleepers (GS) were utilized to test the hypotheses that paced breathing would aid those with insomnia in falling asleep (Tsai, Kuo, Lee, Yang, 2014). The study measured variables such as sleep quality, sleep effectiveness, Heart rate variability, and cardiac vagal tone. For the individuals to be allowed in the SRI group they had to have difficul ty falling asleep, staying asleep, or trouble with waking up too early and not being able to go back to sleep more than 3 times per week, for 6 continuous months. All subjects of the study had to be between 20-25 years old and have a BMI within the normal range for their height and weight (18.5-24.5 Kg/m^). The subjects all had regular times that they went to bed and woke up and none reported having any history of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea or periodic limb movement, substance abuse,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep On Insomnia And Vagal Activity 14 People With Self Reported Insomnia867 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolved. Many people have their own techniques that work well for them and some doctors have recommendations of their own. One tried and true technique for falling asleep is by utilizing different breathing exercises or simply focusing on the breath. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of breathing techniques on sleep. In a study used to determine the efficacy of paced breathing on insomnia and vagal activity 14 people with self reported insomnia (SRI) and 14 people who reported

Henry David Thoreaus Transcendentalism - 1002 Words

Transcendentalists believed that humans and nature are one, and that each person is the center of the universe. Essentially, humans are Divine by nature. The main focus of transcendentalist authors was to make apparent the true nature of humankind, when they listened inwardly to their natural desires. Although many authors believed that people were instinctually good, there are a few that believed that humans are, by nature, evil. This essay will compare Henry David Thoreau’s positive transcendentalism, which believes everyone is good, to Nathaniel Hawthorne’s negative transcendentalist writings. Henry David Thoreau believed that nature and people were naturally good, and that humans can awaken themselves to that. What it means for humans†¦show more content†¦The use of the word here is to relate people who are not awake to parts of the train track that get buried underground and used or run over. Thoreau further explains the downsides of being a sleeper when he says: Did you ever think what those sleepers are that underlie the railroad? Each one is a man, an Irish-man, or a Yankee man. The rails are laid on them, and they are covered with sand, and the cars run smoothly over them. They are sound sleepers, I assure you. And every few years a new lot is laid down and run over; so that, if some have the pleasure of riding on a rail, others have the misfortune to be ridden upon. (1029) After reading this, it’s easy to see why it is better to be awake. If someone is a sleeper, they get run over by others and ridden upon. No one who is aware of that would wish for it to happen to them. However, despite sleepers being a common issue, Thoreau has hope. He sees the sleepers, and says that he is thankful that it looks like they may eventually â€Å"get up† (1029). This goes back to his positive transcendentalist view. He believes that everyone has the ability to wake up, even if they are currently sleepers. In contrast, Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporated a lot of dark romanticism into his transcendentalist views and writings, resulting in a much more negative take on transcendentalism. Where Thoreau believe that people can be spiritually awakened to their inner good, andShow MoreRelatedTranscendentalism Depicted in Henry David Thoreaus The Warmth of Other Suns741 Words   |  3 PagesTranscendentalism was a trend during the romantic period where some authors chose to depict the serenity and the innocence that nature holds. Transcendentalists also believed that living totally dependent on oneself brings out the best in a person. Being a fairly independent person myself, I can identify with some of their opinions about life and nature. The idea of nature being a spiritual experience is a rebellious idea compared to the rationalism of many others during the same time period.Read MoreThoreau And Transcendentalism Analysis828 Words   |  4 PagesThoreau’s views on Transcendentalis m and how he practiced it. If it has not become apparent thus far Emerson and Thoreau were close friends and lived with each other on occasion. Naturally because of their close friendship they influence each other’s work, but in most cases you can see Emerson’s influence in Thoreau’s works clearly. His is the main difference between the two writers however in their belief and writing patterns Thoreau loved nature. Thoreau’s love of nature can e explained here inRead More Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism730 Words   |  3 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, America’s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England. The basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the relationships between one’s self and the world at large. First, the searchRead MoreThe True Transcendentalist: Thoreau and Emerson775 Words   |  3 PagesRomanticism which was filled with emotion, individuality, and nature. But one of the greatest literary movements the one that will be focused on is transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is intuition and individual conscience that helps lead to the truth. When transcendentalism began to start two people played a major role Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, but who is truly a transcendentalist. Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803. His father was a ministerRead MoreWalden and Transcendentalism Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesWALDEN AND TRANSCENDENTALISM Henry Thoreau’s masterpiece, Walden or a Life in the Woods, shows the impact transcendentalism had on Thoreau’s worldview. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual over the material. Transcendentalism puts the emphasis on spiritual growth and understanding as opposed to worldly pleasures. Thoreau’s idea of transcendentalism stressed the importance of nature and being close to nature. He believed that nature was a metaphorRead MoreEarly American Transcendentalism1204 Words   |  5 PagesEarly American transcendentalism has one of the greatest influences towards American society because it is not only a philosophy, but also a religion and physical progression. During the early nineteenth century, Ralph Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and other radical individuals challenged the present day theories of values, ethics, and what it means to live life to the fullest (Timko). If early American transcendentalists were living among civil ians today, would present day civilians think the earlierRead MoreTranscendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesHenry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau grew up in poverty; his dad was unsuccessful and had trouble maintaining a steady job. Thoreau followed in his father’s footsteps, ultimately bouncing from job to job, scorned by society for his unconventional way of living and lack of income (Henry David Thoreau, Discovering Biography). Thoreau began to write with the guidance of Ralph Waldo Emerson who became one of the most important influences in his life. LivingRead MoreEssay on The Political Principles of Thoreau807 Words   |  4 PagesThe Political Principles of Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was, in many ways, ahead of his time in his political beliefs. During his brief life, he lectured occasionally and struggled to get his writings published. Gaining very little recognition during his lifetime, his death in 1862 went virtually unnoticed, and his true genius as a social philosopher and writer was not fully recognized until the twentieth century. Ironically, Civil Disobedience, the anti-war, anti-slavery essayRead MoreThe Effect Of Transcendentalism : Henry David Thoreau1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Transcendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalism is the American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century that was rooted in the pure Romanticism of the English and the German (Goodman). Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the father of Transcendentalism because his literature is the first to praise the notable spirituality of nature. The basic belief of the movement is to live authentically; being true to oneself (Day). The movement itselfRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : A Transcendentalist1438 Words   |  6 PagesHenry David Thoreau: A Transcendentalist Religion and politics are perhaps the most important topics of discussion, and paradoxically, the ones least discussed. Our differences cause us to shy away from such depth in our conversations with others and it is a remarkable human being who can share her opinion honestly on the subjects, and even more so, transcend the current popular opinions of the time. Henry David Thoreau was a man such as this. He spoke out against an unjust society and challenged

Definition and Examples of Editors

An editor is an individual who oversees the preparation of a text for newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, and books. The term editor may also refer to an individual who assists an author in copyediting a text. Editor Chris King describes her work as invisible mending. An editor, she says, is  like a ghost, in that her handiwork should never be apparent (Ghosting and Co-Writing in  The Ultimate Writing Coach, 2010).   Examples and Observations A good editor understands what youre talking and writing about and doesnt meddle too much.(Irwin Shaw)The worst editor of an authors writings is himself.(William Hone)Every writer needs at least one editor; most of us need two.(Donald Murray) Kinds of EditorsThere are many kinds of editors, related but not the same: journal editors; series editors; those who work with newspapers, magazines, films, as well as with books. The two kinds that concern us in scholarly publishing are editors and copyeditors. Unfortunately, the first term is commonly used for both, the cause--or rather the result--of a confusion in thinking. . . .To define and oversimplify . . . the editors mind sees the entire manuscript, grasps the thinking behind it, clear or not clear, is trained to judge its intellectual quality and relation to other work, can spot a chapter or a section or even a paragraph that has gone awry, and can tell the author where to fix it and sometimes how. But this kind of mind is often impatient with lesser matters, does not relish the painstaking, and often painful, work of detailed correction.(August Frugà ©, A Skeptic Among Scholars. University of California Press, 1993) A Sense of HierarchyEditors need a hierarchical sense of a manuscript, a book, or article. They need to see its structure, its totality, before they become involved in minutiae. A writer should be on the alert when an editor starts by fixing commas or suggesting little cuts when the real problem resides at the level of organization or strategy or point of view. Most problems in writing are structural, even on the scale of the page. . . .A sense of hierarchy is all the more necessary in editing because writers, too, want to concentrate on the little things. . . . To take your pencil to a manuscript is to endorse it, to say it just needs some fixes, when in fact it is just as likely to need rethinking altogether. I want to say and sometimes do say, Well, lets see if its ready to be marked up.(Richard Todd in Good Prose: The Art of Nonfiction by Tracy Kidder and Richard Todd (Random House, 2013) Roles of an EditorEditors in publishing houses can be perceived as basically performing three different roles, all of them simultaneously. First, they must find and select the books the house is to publish. Second, they edit . . .. And third, they perform the Janus-like function of representing the house to the author and the author to the house.(Alan D. Williams, What Is an Editor? Editors on Editing, ed. by Gerald Gross. Grove, 1993) An Editors LimitsA writers best work comes entirely from himself. The [editing] process is so simple. If you have a Mark Twain, dont try to make him into a Shakespeare or make a Shakespeare into a Mark Twain. Because in the end an editor can get only as much out of an author as the author has in him.(Maxwell Perkins, quoted by A. Scott Berg in Max Perkins: Editor of Genius. Riverhead, 1978) Heywood Broun on the Editorial MindThe editorial mind, so called, is afflicted with the King Cole complex. Types subject to this delusion are apt to believe that all they need do to get a thing is to call for it. You may remember that King Cole called for his bowl just as if there were no such thing as a Volstead amendment. What we want is humor, says an editor, and he expects the unfortunate author to trot around the corner and come back with a quart of quips.An editor would classify What we want is humor as a piece of cooperation on his part. It seems to him a perfect division of labor. After all, nothing remains for the author to do except to write.(Heywood Broun, Are Editors People? Pieces of Hate and Other Enthusiasms. Charles H. Doran, 1922)

The Rhetorical Analysis Of My Writing - 1443 Words

Some have ink instead of blood. I ve always liked writing. Even before I knew how to write I would make up stories and pretend to write them down. Each year in high school I ve written a multitude of essays on varying topics. I have selected three of these writings from each of my years in high school to examine as part of this rhetorical analysis of my writing history. As I ve grown older, my writing style has changed and I ve learned more about the world and developed my own personal writing voice more and more. Like many children, I learned to read and write around the age of five at both home and school. I learned to read by reading Dick and Jane. The writing was simple, but I loved the stories. That was always my favorite part†¦show more content†¦In this essay, I talk about the effect constant nurturing has on love in the introduction and the conclusion, yet in the body paragraphs I talk about love versus lust. I believe my essay could have been much stronger if I had managed to better incorporate bo th ideas to support my main idea. As it was, it sounded like two completely different essays combined into one. I think that it would be very interesting to rewrite that essay now using the same sources and information, but better incorporating the ideas and showing my voice. My past writing life has allowed me to learn and grow and develop my voice. The more I write, the more I understand what my voice is and how to use it. Trying to restrict myself to the five-paragraph essay structure inhibits my voice and makes it increasingly more difficult to showcase who I am as a writer in the world. When I remove that structure, I believe my voice can be heard loud and clear. When I write, I can explain my thoughts and ideas succinctly, and I believe that allows me to accomplish what I am trying to do more quickly. I am better at communicating through writing, which has been and will hopefully continue to be a great asset for me as I go through life. Up to this point, the majority of my writing has been for school, and for informal uses among my peers. When I was younger, there was nowhere near the amount of typing and talking to friends as there is now. I believe that asShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : My Writing Skills894 Words   |  4 Pagesam tearing my hair to squeeze every single word from my poor mind to finish this letter. Yet deep in my frontal cortex, there is no part of mechanisms that is designed for writing a self-analyzing letter to my instructors. However, it has been ten weeks I studied in this course, and all my favorite works in these ten weeks are gathering in this tiny portfolio. I have wrote a several rhetorical practices that taught me basic rules of rhetorical essays. I have wrote a rhetorical analysis, which explainedRead MoreWriting A Rhetorical Analysis On My Service Learning s Organization Website853 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcome is to develop flexible strategies for revising, editing, and proofreading writing. I believe that my first and third short assignment, and the second major paper will be able to demonstrate my ability to pull from given feedback by instructor and peers to successfully revise in order to produce effective works. 1. The writing demonstrates substantial and successful revision. After receiving the feedback for my first short assignment, I realized that were a lot of revision that needed to beRead MoreI Am A Foreign, Learning A Language, And An Argumentative Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesWriting has always been my greatest weakness throughout the years that i have been in school. Since I’am a foreign, learning a language was a challenging especially when my native language is completely different than English. Even though my communication skills have been improved dramatically since I have been here in the United States, writing is the only skill that i need to improve. I have signed up to take English 110C for mainly two reason. The first reason is that it is a mandatory courseRead MoreCritical Thinking Skill At Me My Professor948 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunity to explore my imagination; everything that I learn is factual and unquestionable. Having the opportunity to take an advanced course such as English 1301, opened the window to a world of i magination, information, and wisdom. Prior to taking this course I struggled with different writing skills such as, understanding the process of writing, analyzing reading selection and applying basic critical thinking skill in an argumentative essay. I also struggled with the analysis of specific contentRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Use Of Ethos, Pathos, And Logos Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesReflecting on the Rhetorical Analysis Writing this rhetorical analysis was a new experience to me. It proved to be very strenuous and took a lot of time to organize and think about exactly how to support everything. This rhetorical analysis has taught me how to use ethos, logos, and pathos while critically reading any text. This paper has helped me to understand that I even need ethos, logos, and pathos in my own work and how to incorporate it in my papers. This paper has been a great learning experienceRead MoreThe Real Tragedy Of Romeo And Juliet928 Words   |  4 Pagesa freshman at Roger Williams University in Bristol, RI, I took the writing class WTNG 102 Section 31, taught by Professor Ramey. All undergraduate students must receive at least a 70 as a final grade in the class prior to being enrolled in Critical Writing, WTNG 200 or 220. Entering college, I was most worried about taking Expository Writing because writing has never been one of my strengths. I have always struggled with writing transitions, and have m ade endless grammatical mistakes, including commaRead MoreSelf-Reflective Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge on rhetorical strategies and how to present arguments effectively. In the writings I have written, I feel that each writing works towards meeting the course goals. Logos, ethos, and pathos were strategies and ideas we were introduced to (if not already in the past) and were built upon throughout the quarter. The knowledge gained over the course of the quarter werent only those three types of appeals. Rhetorical strategies like proposals helped reinforce the course and using rhetorical analysisRead MoreEnglish Reflection1351 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom being a high school level writer to a college-level writer. However, English 10 has by far been my best experience in writing. By taking this course I have retrieved many helpful elements, that will help me become a successful writer throughout college. In high school, essays often gave me stress and anxiety, however, when taking English 10, I was able to learn to enjoy the process of writing purposefully and mindfully. Even though, I have taken advanced placement English courses in high schoolRead MoreReflection About Reading And Reflection1090 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I first received my classes for the fall semester of 2017, I noticed the class titled: Introductory College Writing. I instantly rolled my eyes and felt annoyed. Even though English as my favorite subject in high school, my favorite part of English was the reading aspect; I have always loathed the writing portion of English. My expectations in this class was I was going to write about a whole bunch of nonsense and hope to pass. But after participating in this course my expectations were thrownRead MoreHow Rhetoric Is Required For Every College Student1566 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent in order for them to write an academic essay. In college writing, many professors wants us, as students, to actually write a college paper, not an in formal paper that may be accepted in high school. de the reader feel that we know what we need to write and how to write rhetorical awareness is important for multilingual writer. Because The instructor want us to be able use our own knowledge and demonstrate our own skills while writing. Consequently, the more practice we have, the better we get

The Expected Pattern Of Development Of Children - 1387 Words

Unit 2 - Development and well-being 0-5 years Nargis Gafar D1: Describe the expected pattern of development of children aged 0-5 years for one of the areas of development: The expected pattern of children’s early years development from 0-5 years consists of Physical, Intellectual and Social and Emotional development. Children aged 0-5 years are expected to be able to walk, talk and interact with other children and adults by the time they are aged 5. Social Development is where a child learns to interact with other people and how to behave in different social situations and how to understand other people s feelings and their own feelings and how to manage them. Social and emotional development of babies and young children should be encouraged. This can be done through activities provided at any childcare settings or within the home. They should be given opportunities to interact with other children and adults. For example, they should play with their parents and have playdates with other children To give children the best opportunities in developing their social and emotional skills you need to give the child support and show them how to be with others, how to be kind to others and help them understand why people may behave in certain ways. They also need to be given positive interaction by the people around them. D2: Identify suitable methods for observing children’s holistic development: Some suitable methods of observing children’s holistic development areShow MoreRelatedDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young Peoples Development from Birth to 19714 Words   |  3 PagesTDA 2.1 Child and Young Person Development 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: physical, social, emotional, behavioural, intellectual and communicational development. Through a young person’s development, from birth to 19 they are expected to follow a development pattern including physical, social, environmental, behavioural, intellectual and communicational. The expected pattern is seen as the average time period it wouldRead MoreExpected Patterns of Development in Children Aged 0-19 Years Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesExpected patterns of development in children aged 0-19 years Age Group | Cognitive | Communication | Physical | Social, Emotional amp; Behavioural | Moral | 0-3 months | Recognition of the smell of her mother. Baby stops crying when she hears her mothers voice. Recognition of familiar voices. | Crying when hungry. Cooing from 5-6 weeks. Crying when distressed. | Swallowing reflex. Sucking reflex. Rooting reflex. | Smiles of contentment from 5-6 weeksRead MoreThe Expected Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Birth to 19 Years2466 Words   |  10 PagesDescribe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years Through a young person’s development, from birth to 19 they are expected to follow a development pattern including physical, social, environmental, behavioural, intellectual and communicational. The expected pattern is seen as the average time period it would take to accomplish these skills. The expected pattern starts at 0-3 years where a child is expected to develop the most. They have little controlRead MoreExplain the Reasons Why Children and Young Peoples Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern1058 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the reasons why children and young peoples development may not follow the expected pattern Q: Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern. The child: There are many factors that influence a child/young persons development such as health issues, personal characteristics, motivation to learn, behaviour, sensory impairment, disability and learning difficulties. Even before birth a child needs to reach many milestones and howeverRead MoreDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young People‚Äà ´s Development from Birth to 19.966 Words   |  4 PagesStages of Child Development Child Development For this unit you will need to be able to describe the expected pattern of development of children and young people from birth to 19 years. In groups you must complete the attached table to address 2.1: 1.1 and 1.2 2.1: 1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19. Stage/Area of development | Physical development | Communication and intellectual development | Social, emotionalRead MoreDescribe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young Peoples Development from Birth to 19 Years1545 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young peoples development from birth to 19 years. Birth; Recognise mothers voice and smell Able to cry to let everyone know they need help Actively learning through touch, taste and hearing Swallowing and sucking reflexes- ensuring that babies can feed and swallow milk Rooting reflex- babies move their head to look for a nipple or teat if the cheek and mouth are touched, helping the babies to find milk Read MoreExplain the Reasons Why Children and Young Peoples Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern697 Words   |  3 PagesUNDERSTAND CHILD AND YOUNG PERSONS DEVELOPMENT Unit 022 Outcome 3 Understand how to monitor children and young people’s development and interventions that should take place if this is not following the expected pattern 2 Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern There are many reasons and factors why a child is not following the expected pattern of development. For example the child may be emotionally unsettled due to a number ofRead MoreUnderstand the Expected Pattern of Development for Children and Young People from Birth – 19 Years.2122 Words   |  9 PagesUnderstand Child and Young Person Development Outcome 1 Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth – 19 years. |AGE |PHYSICAL |INTELLECTUAL COGNITIVE |COMMUNICATION |SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, BEHAVIOURAL MORAL | |At |Born with swallow and suckle reflex and will ‘root’, |Will recognise the sound of their primary Read MoreDescribe the expected pattern of children and young peoples development from birth to 19 years, to include: - physical development3356 Words   |  14 PagesAttachments TDA 2.1.1 ac[1.1a] Describe the expected pattern of children and young people s development from birth to 19 years, to include: - physical development When looking at the expected pattern of children and young peoples development from birth to 19 years, it is important to remember that each child will develop and grow at different rates. Reaching milestones at a more advanced pace or a slower pace than the broad average. This expected pattern includes physical, communication and intellectualRead More1.1 Describe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Birth to 19 Years2315 Words   |  10 Pages1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: * Physical development * Communication and intellectual development * Social, emotional and behavioural development Child development stages describe different milestones through a child’s growth from birth to 19 years. There is a wide variety of aspects that may include genetic, cognitive, physical, family, cultural, nutritional, educational, and environmental factors that

Importance of Professional Communication

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Professional Communication in ensuring Patient Safety. Answer: Todays health care system is characterized by multiple interfaces and patients interaction with several medical practitioners who have different levels of education and occupational training. During the patient stay in the hospital, he or she will interact with different healthcare employees including technicians, nurses, and physicians(Ulrich Kear, 2014). To attend to the patient satisfactorily, effective communication and team collaboration are very critical for all the health care system employees. Lack of proper communication can put the safety of the patients at risk. This is because ineffective communication may result in misinterpretation or lack of crucial information. Additionally, improper communication within the healthcare system creates a high probability of medical errors. These errors can contribute to either severe injuries or unexpected patient's death(Ulrich Kear, 2014). The majority of the stakeholders have ascribed these errors to poor communication in the healt h care system. In the following discussion, this paper aims to explain the importance of professional communication to ensure patient safety. The essay achieves this by using excerpts from various journal articles as references. Patient safety involves measures applied by the healthcare organizations and individuals to protect healthcare recipients from any harm. The safety of the patients is not only confined to the physical protection, but it also comprises ensuring the cultural, emotional and psychological safety of the patients. The implementation of patient safety within an organization is an act that calls for the attribute of trustworthy. This helps healthcare organizations to reduce the occurrence of the adverse events and their impacts in case they occur. As discussed at the beginning of this paper patient safety is one of the critical issues facing the health care system today. Therefore, contemporary health care organizations demand health care professionals be endowed with high communication skills to manage tensions and complexities existing in these organizations effectively. Communication in any given context does not only entail the provision of information, advice or instructions. According to Dunne (2005) as cited by Levett-Jones (2016) communication is a two-way process that involve all elements of communication to be shared either verbally or non-verbally and the message being sent be understood as intended. However, this is not the case in the majority of the health care organizations. Many of the health professionals perceive that effective communication involves providing patients with timely, clear and unambiguous information. Even through this is a good approach to communicating it does not meet the criteria of effective communication. To avoid this premature closure, communication should comprise the elements of both listening and talking (Levett-Jones, 2016). For example, when health professionals listen to their patients they are unlikely to rush to the erroneous conclusions before obtaining all information from the patient. Good communication between the medical practitioners and patients should be appropriate, timely, accurate and inclusive (Levett-Jones, 2016). Many health care stakeholders attribute quality health care to appropriate communication. This argument is well exhibited in the survey conducted by New South Wales Health in 2009 among the Australian patients and their families to determine their preferences while undergoing through the health care system. From the analysis of the survey, New South Wales Health inferred the importance of communication was very fundamental for the patients to express their concerns(Levett-Jones, 2016). For example, patients surveyed argued that they preferred health care professionals to act at their best to help them in managing pains. Patients were also concerned on how medical results are explained, and they suggested that they should be communicated understandably. Effective communication is also crucial in impacting patients' outcomes in several ways. According to Harms (2007) as explained by Levett-Jones (2013) effective communication and conformance to medication programs enhances pain management and helps in reducing stress and anxiety. Similarly, Goleman (2006) noted that effective communication improves patients psychological status, functional status, self-esteem, mood, and self-management. Mickan Rodger (2005) noted that effective communication results in reduced costs, enhanced health care coordination, reduced time of hospitalization and symptoms resolution. Again, Mickan Rodger observed that appropriate communication improves the wellbeing of the patients and enhance patient satisfaction. Other scholars such as Vats and Abbott found that good communication reduces deaths resulting from surgical operations as well as post-operation complications. On the other hand, poor communication contributes to patients harm, increased risk of e rror, non-compliance, lack of trust, misunderstanding, confusion, anger and hostility(Levett-Jones, 2016). The contemporary health care organizations poor communication can be addressed using patient-centered care. This recognition of this aspect is greatly changing patient-safe communication among the health professionals and healthcare organizations. Patient-centered care approach views patients as integral part of the healthcare staff (Levett-Jones, 2013). This approach has been highly embraced by the patients and their families. Patient-centered care entails observing critical aspects such as transparency, choice, respect, autonomy, dignity, empathy and an urge to assist other achieve the life they want. In fact, it is a holistic approach that emphasizes on embracing patients' illness, knowledge, and skills on their status and their experience (Levett-Jones, 2013). The modern health care organization are largely appreciating effective communication through involving patients in the communication and letting them express their feelings and experiences. Documentation care is another technique used to improve communication in the health care system. This is a document that describes all pertinent interactions between the health professionals and the client. It gives information about the care and services to the patient(Hall, 2016). Apart from documentation care, management information systems are also used to manage the patients data. These two systems support confidential, secure, accurate and timely patient-specific information. These are the two systems which are widely being used by the nurses and midwives to document patients' information. Effective communication, patient-centered care, documentation care and management information systems would futile in the improvement of the healthcare systems without observance of the nursing ethics(Australian Nursing Midwifery Council, 2015). Studies indicate that ethics are very influential in ensuring quality nursing care for all people irrespective of their cultural diversity. When supplemented with effective communication, nursing ethics guides nurses in recognizing the rights of all people and makes them aware that they have a moral duty to protect patients dignity. This is achieved through recognizing and respecting critical human aspects such social, political, economic, cultural and civil rights. References Australian Nursing Midwifery Council. (2015). Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. Dickson ACT: Australian Nursing Midwifery Council. Hall, H. R. (2016). Fundamentals of Nursing and Midwifery. Retrieved from Wolters Kluwer Health: https://www.ebrary.com Levett-Jones, T. (2013). Critical Conversations for Patient Safety. Australia: Pearson Australia. Retrieved from https://www.ebrary.com Levett-Jones, T. (2016). Critical Conversations for Patient Safety. Australia: Pearson Australia. Retrieved from https://www.ebrary.com Ulrich, B., Kear, T. (2014). Patient Safety and Patient Safety Culture: Foundations of Excellent Health Care Delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447-455.

Unity Bank free essay sample

The four major areas to be considered during the integration were software, infrastructure, organization structure, and people. The team’s task was challenging as it had called for a $60 million saving in two years, nearly half of Delta’s current operational expense. The pressure was intense as merging two emerging entities was a huge task. The management was unequipped with plan and was not aware the first area that they needed to tackle. We believe that the integration could be managed by gradually consolidating Delta systems into LEAD, pushing back the deadline by 2 years, creating cash and transition incentives to increase employee productivity and decrease resistance, offer clients discounted rate to retain them and implement a flexible/parallel problem solving approach. OVERVIEW: Unity Bank will have the largest market share in the US after the acquisition of Delta is finalized. This has presented the management of Unity, the company acquiring Delta, with many obstacles. We will write a custom essay sample on Unity Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The shareholder employee management services industry has been increasingly relying on advanced IT to handle both the massive volume of shareholders and the complexity of the transactions needed to be processed. Unity is currently faced with multiple conundrums in how to integrate the two company’s systems into one mechanism that will allow for economies of scale and high efficiency. The two company’s systems are different on many levels that impact flawless integration. Unity and Delta both operate on different programming language and also have vastly different user-interface utilities. Unity’s system offers more advanced services to its clients but is not set up for the huge volume soon to be created by the acquisition. Delta services are more limited; however their systems were made for high volume levels. Unfortunately, there are numerous difficult problems that must be addressed and solved in order for the acquisition not to become the demise of Unity. Each problem has many layers of complexity that must be solved in addition the management team needs to grasp which area to tackle first within their time and budget constraints.Done successfully Unity can transform into a world leader in shareholder employee management services. We conclude that each are must properly addressed with a stringent set of priorities in place in order to not become one of the many failed cases of mergers and acquisitions. Savings goal hindering integration effectiveness This is the largest problem for the integration team because most of the other problems can be solved if the y were given more time. Due to the due diligence restrictions, the integration team was unable to proceed with the merger for about 8 months, yet the company only gives them three years to cut IT spending by $60 million. Given the complexity of the process and the implication of current decisions on future success, this time issue can lead to rushed decisions and integration failure. Alternatives: A. Push back the deadline by 2 years By giving the integration team more time, the target saving will be more ealistic and the integration team will have time to learn more about Delta software systems, analyze problems more carefully, and recognize which Delta employees are contributing and which are not. Each of these processes is essential to building a successful company. Disadvantages: †¢ May not solve more complicated problems that are unrelated to time. †¢ Decreases short-term profits for shareholders. B. Establish tiered savings program Set more obtainable goals to meet the board’s expectation. Set half-year goals with what can realistic be accomplished and reduce staff as you finish sections of the integration.After each system is upgraded or integrated into another, eliminate all non-essential staff. Disadvantages: †¢ May not solve the time constraint issue †¢ Creates artificial deadlines which might add more pressure C. Eliminate short-term saving goal To maximize shareholder value in the long term and to protect the very existence of Unity Bank, eliminate any constraints on having nothing less than a perfect smooth integration with Delta. Without the fear of immediate termination, Delta employees may be more willing to cooperate. Savings will eventual be met and more likely exceed the projected $60 million.Disadvantages: †¢ This means greater expense for the company. †¢ Decreases profits from shareholders in the short run. 2. Inability to prioritize critical factors for integration Delta is one the biggest acquisitions for Unity and the integration process requires well-planned strategies. The four major areas of integration are software, infrastructure, organizational structure, and personnel. Deciding the order in which to tackle the four areas is challenging since Unity has never merged with such a large company and there is no statistical model from which the team can work. Alternatives: A. Hire an outside consultant to advice the integration process Management can hire a consultant with experience in large scale MA to advice them on the order of integration. Disadvantages: †¢ Consultants may not have access to all the information they need to be helpful. †¢ Higher cost to Unity in both money and time. B. Prioritize based on the difficulty level Unity can first integrate the area that is the easiest to integrate and then go from there. This is likely to ease the integration process as the company takes one small step at a time. Without knowing which system to use as the target platform, the managers cannot decide which departments to eliminate, what the infrastructure should be like and what kinds of staff members to keep. Both Unity and Delta have their own software systems but they all need upgrades before they can satisfy the new company’s needs. In addition, Delta runs on four separate systems rather than one mainframe system, making them very expensive to run. Alternatives: A. Integrate Delta systems into LEAD and use it as the target platform Since LEAD is more powerful, user-friendly, and cost effective make it the mainframe system for the new organization.Disadvantages: †¢ It is costly to consolidate Delta’s four systems and then upgrade LEAD. †¢ It is a time consuming process. B. Upgrade BLAIR to use as the mainframe system BLAIR is more functional efficient than any other system. Unity can upgrade BLAIR to include all the services from Delta’s four systems. BLAIR also creates recognizable entry barrier to competitors as it includes unique functions that other companies have not yet been able to replicate. Disadvantages: †¢ BLAIR requires more knowledgeable and expensive IT staff. †¢ It is time-consuming and requires specialized developers. C. Use an outside software provider to create a new system encompassing all the necessary functions An outside provider may have solutions to certain technological difficulties that the current IT team is experiencing and design a system that is both modern and efficient. Disadvantages: †¢ Outside developers are not familiar with the company’s every need. †¢ It can take a long time and high cost. 4. People are resistant to changes / Diminished employee loyalty and satisfaction Employees at both Delta and Unity prefer to keep their own systems because they don’t want to have to learn each other’s system.In addition, employees at Delta are unhappy about the new company invading their territory. Without the support of employees from both sides, a successful integration will be unlikely. Alternatives: A. Initiate an internal market campaign The new organization can create company seminars and publications to advertise the benefits of the new updated system including higher efficiency, more revenue for the company, and therefore, bigger bonuses for employees. Disadvantages: †¢ It may only lower but not completely dissolve people’s resistance. †¢ The effects may not be permanent.B. Hire new employees Get rid of employees who are strongly against changes and hire new ones who are more eager to work with the new company. This will also eliminate those employees who will seek to slow down the integration process. Disadvantages: †¢ The company can lose valuable and talented IT professionals. †¢ New employees will require extensive training and may not be as good. C. Create a cash and transition incentive program People are against changes because learning a new system or getting to know a new company is time-consuming and challenging.Unity can create a program where there are monetary incentives to boost employee productivity. To minimize resistance, Unity can provide a training seminar at a popular destination so that the employees can have fun while taking training courses. Disadvantages: †¢ Employees may not be able to learn everything unless the program runs on for weeks, which means more money to be spent. 5. Client service disruption There will be a period in which services at the new organization will be slow and disruptive as the company try to pour data from one system to the other and as it reorganize the organizational structure.This poses a major risk for the business as it may upset some clients and cause them to switch company. Alternatives: A. Retain each company’s systems Leave each company’s systems alone and let them operate separately. Disadvantages: †¢ This will be very costly in long term and diminishes the acquisition rationale. †¢ Information will not be able to flow smoothly from system to the other. B. Hire temporary employees during the transition period When the company is ready to work on the software integration, hire interns and temporary employees to help the current employees with data transfer and customer services.Disadvantages: †¢ This requires the company to pay for and train new employees. †¢ This may not solve technology-related service disruption problems. C. Provide customers with incentives to stay To prevent customers from switching, Unity offer discounted service fee during the transition period while hiring more customer service agents to serve those customers. By doing so, it will make the customers feel more important and more loyal to the company. Disadvantages: †¢ This is expensive to implement. The fee may not be low enough to gain customer loyalty. Competitors  acquired  more innovative software: The forte of an organization, especially in the service sector like IT industry, is its product features. In a cut throat competition, if a market competitor betters these features, the company faces a threat of losing out on not just potential clients but also existing ones. Likelihood – High 2. Economic slowdown: In the event of an economic slowdown, the overall business of the clients is likely to reduce.The prime focus of the merger was not only to acquire the brand name that Delta provided but also retain its customers after the merger thereby multiplying profits. With cost cut backs from these clients, economic slowdown could seriously damage Unity’s plan. Likelihood – Average 3. Natural Disaster: Disasters like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis are completely unpredictable. As a result, each company adheres to a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) that determines the downtime in restoration of services back to its normal flow.

What to Consider When Writing High School Philosophy Essay Samples

What to Consider When Writing High School Philosophy Essay SamplesHigh school philosophy essays have many different topics to choose from. It is a great way to let your personality shine through. People will notice when you have taken the time to come up with interesting thoughts that make you stand out from the crowd. There are no right or wrong answers to this question, but it is important to remember that there are some guidelines you should follow so that you can start writing and submitting your essays.The first thing you want to make sure you do is select a topic you like. This may sound odd but you will not be able to write well if you have chosen a topic that is too easy. It's the same way that doing a crossword puzzle on a rainy day won't help you. You need to find a topic that you are passionate about and that will keep you thinking.The second thing you want to do is identify the main argument that will be used as your main thesis statement. This can come in the form of an argumentative paragraph or a list of quotes. After identifying the argument, you will want to go through the essay and think about the style. You want to get the main point across so that your essay doesn't seem boring or unoriginal.Logic is key to any persuasive argument. You want to make sure that you spell everything correctly. This includes making sure that you are using proper grammar and punctuation. These are essential ingredients that will help make your essay interesting. It also helps you to avoid being too wordy.Using paragraphs is another aspect of writing you want to take into consideration. A couple paragraphs will work best. But you do not want to end up with a list of arguments for every single argument you use. It is much better to just make your main points stand out from the others.Helping your essay writers with things they need to look at is also important. Make sure that you let them know about certain facts that are very important to them. This can be an impor tant factor in helping them understand your argument.High school philosophy essay samples are not hard to come by. The first thing you want to do is go online and find your options. You may need to spend some time doing this, but it is well worth it.

Colonial Representations of the Natives - The Ind Essays - Americas

Colonial Representations of the Natives - "The Indians " Olusanjo Bayewu University College of the North November 13, 2012 Colonial Representations o f Natives - The "Indians" Introduction The term "Indian" is used to describe the aboriginal peoples of North America. Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, the Inuit and the Metis. The descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" have largely fallen into disuse in Canada and are commonly considered pejorative (Macklem, 2001). As is well known, its use derives from Columbus's mistaken belief that he had arrived in the East Indies; and this situating of Native within an already existent European discourse is in many ways paradigmatic of what was to follow during the centuries of colonisation and settlement. For it should be made clear that the "Indian" is a European invention, and that there has always been a great deal of slippage between the representations of this figure and the realities of the lives of Native North Americans. In fact, the Indian has always represented as much about European fears and concerns as it has about actual Natives. Add to this the fact that the popular image of the Indian has in lar ge part been shaped by commercial considerations - give the audience what it wants to see - and it becomes clear that we are dealing with a very complex set of relationships. For this reason, the purpose of this page is principally to outline some of the characteristics of the Indian as he has been created by Europeans, and not to consider the lives of real Natives (Macklem, 2001). The terms First Peoples and First Nations are both used to refer to indigenous peoples of Canada (The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2010). The terms First Peoples or Aboriginals in Canada are normally broader terms than First Nations, as they include Inuit, Metis and First Nations. First Nations (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the indigenous peoples of North America in Canada, and their descendants, who are neither Inuit nor Metis. On reserves, First Nations is being supplanted by members of various nations referring to themselves by their group or national identity. In conversation this would be "I am Haida", or "we are Kwantlens", in recognition of their First Nations ethnicities. In this Act, "Aboriginal peoples of Canada" includes the Indian, Inuit and Metis peoples of Canada (The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2010). Indian remains in place as the legal term used in the Canadian Constitution; its usage outside such situations can be considered offensive. Aboriginals are more commonly used to describe all indigenous peoples of Canada. It also refers to self-identification of aboriginal people who live within Canada claiming rights of sovereignty or aboriginal title to lands. The term Eskimo has pejorative connotations in Canada and Greenland. Indigenous peoples have replaced the term Eskimo with Inuit. The Yupik of Alaska and Siberia do not consider themselves Inuit, and ethnographers agree they are a distinct people. They prefer the terminology Yupik, or Eskimo. The Yupik languages are linguistically distinct from the Inuit languages. Linguistic groups of Arctic people have no universal replacement term for Eskimo, inclusive of all Inuit and Yupik people across the geographical area inhabited by the Inuit and Yupik peoples. Now, the most obvious problem with the term should be that it lumps together all the various nations, ignoring the wide differences which exist between the diverse cultures which originally inhabited the continent. But the masking effect of the stereotype runs deeper than this. As is often the case with Western encounters with alien peoples, the representation bifurcates. What we tend to find is either the "noble savage" or the barbarous, bloodthirsty primitive. The first term here was coined by John Dryden, and conveys the idea of man in a state of nature, untainted by the perceived evils of civilisation, such as avarice or ambition (Wilson Burns, 1999). It is a projection of the fear that somehow the Western way of life has become corrupt, and is in need of redemption. Traces of this view of the Indian are still apparent in the twentieth century, when many people believe Natives to have a kind of spirituality connected to a universal harmony and a

Domestic violence in mature women in the United Kingdom A review of the literature The WritePass Journal

Domestic violence in mature women in the United Kingdom A review of the literature Abstract Domestic violence in mature women in the United Kingdom A review of the literature , 1.2 million women suffered from DV (Home Office, 2013). However, fewer than 1 in 4 individuals who suffer from DV will report this (Home Office, 2013) and therefore the estimation of DV in the UK is likely to be grossly underestimated. Thirty-one percent of the funding to DV charities from local authorities was cut between 2010/11 to 2011/12, a reduction from  £7.8 million to  £5.4 million (data obtained using Freedom of Information Act requests by the False Economy project, and analysed by the research team). The National Violence against Women Survey (NVAWS) states that about 1.5 million women are raped or physically assaulted by an intimate partner yearly (Tjaden Thoennes, 2000). The Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, which measured only physical assaults, concluded that there were 691,710 nonfatal violent victimizations committed by current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends against victims during 2001(Rennison, and Planty, 2003). Of these cases, 85% were against women (Rennison and Planty, 2003). The NVAWS also found that 22.1% of women surveyed, compared to 7.4 percent of men, and reported being physically assaulted by a current or former partner in their lifetime (Rennison and Planty, 2003). In the United Kingdom, national policy has started to identify DV as a concern for mature women. Subsequently, the Government has put policies in place so that healthcare and social professionals are able to identify cases of DV. For example, funding of nearly  £40 million has been allocated to specialist support services and help-lines until 2015 and the piloting of a domestic violence disclosure scheme that gives individuals the right to ask about any violent criminal offences carried out by a new partner (Home Office, 2013).   An estimated 27,900 women have had to be turned away by the first refuge service that they approached in the last year because there was no space, according to new figures from Women’s Aid (2012). These figures demonstrate that services are under some strain to deal with the large amount of DV cases in the UK. Prolonged episodes of DV can result in the development of mental health problems such as depression, panic attacks and mental breakdown (Roberts et al., 1998; Astbury et al., 2000). . Women often find it difficult and challenging to communicate about the psychological abuse they suffer during DV and often prefer to suffer in silence than complain about it (Home Office, 2013). This may have resulted in creating a barrier to finding data on mature victims of domestic violence. Abused women are three and a half times more likely to be suicidal than non-abused women (Golding, 1999). Furthermore, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2005) indicates that domestic violence puts women at risk from a range of negative health outcomes such as physical injury, mental health problems, sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV and AIDS, unwanted pregnancies, depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, emotional distress, fatigue, sleeping and eating disorders and general fear. There are a wide range of social factors thought to contribute the high occurrence of DV against women in the UK. These factors include some religious and political practices that undermine women (Walker, 1999). Factors such as financial hardship. a lack of resources, educational shortcomings, extreme alcohol consumption, high levels of jealousy, belonging to a large family and substance abuse have also all been linked with the rising risk of domestic violence (Martin et al., 1999). Furthermore, in comparison to their younger female counterparts, mature women may have a limited understanding of the term abuse as a result of their older generation (Zink et al., 2003). For example, DV may have not been considered as a criminal offence when they were growing up and feminist movements were generally unheard of. Despite figures showing that DV against mature women is rising considerably the UK, the government is considering serious funding cuts for crime prevention programs as well as staff cutting plans including over 50, 000 job cuts in the ‘National Health Service’ (NHS) over the next 10 year period (Scripps, 2013). In light of these cuts, this research aims to study the relationship between DV and the prevention programs that have been designed to tackle this crime. In particular, a counsellors’ perspective will be adopted and the challenged that counsellors face in the light of budget constraints will also be explored. Using an extensive review of the literature, the following sections provide a brief overview of the various aspects pertaining to DV and its psychological influence. The review will conclude with a discussion of government interventions and policy recommendations. This review will evaluate and critique the available literature pertaining to DV including an assessment of the historical evolution of DV as a general concern for mature women, theoretical explanations of DV and consideration of the significance of gender. This underpinning process will be used as a basis for examining the impact of DV against mature women (39 years old and above). It will also look at the value and effectiveness of current resources, initiatives, and support networks used to tackle DV and assist victims. This review will illustrate that DV in mature women is a complex and multifaceted subject. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this review, the following terms shall be defined as follows: Domestic violence: The term domestic violence is defined as a physical type of abuse carried out by an individual directly towards their significant other previously or currently, through the use of violence. The intent of the abuse is to somewhat establish and maintain a sense of dominion and control over another person, and is depicted in a context of uneven authority or entitlement. This therefore increases the likelihood of inflicting harm to both the physical and emotional welfare of that individual. Well-being: According to Ryan and Deci (2001), the term ‘well-being’ refers to the full spectrum of people’s emotional experiences and to their quality of life. Mature women: Mature women would be defined as those persons aged 39 years and above. Health: This is a state of physical and mental well-being, and thus not necessarily means the absence of symptoms, illness and morbidity (WHO, 2004b). Quality of life: This is an ‘individuals’ understanding of his or her status in life, in relation to the culture and value system of society, viewed against their personal goals, standard, and expectations in life (The WHOQOL Group, 1995). Qualitative Study: Qualitative studies are exploratory and are particularly well suited to social research. Cresswell (1998) defines a qualitative study as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants conducted in a natural setting.† Typical data gathering tools employed in a qualitative research design include observation, interviews, video documentaries, and focus groups. Quantitative Study:   Quantitative studies measure information in numbers using a set of pre-defined variables as the focus of the study. Using the definition given by Cresswell (1998), it â€Å"is an inquiry into a social or human problem, based on testing a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to determine whether the predictive generalizations of the theory holds true. Data collection methods typically include questionnaires, standardized tests and codified forms. Scope and Objectives The main objective of this research was to increase awareness of DV against mature women and to improve the standard and efficacy of the care that is provided to the victims. The researcher’s experience in looking after this group of victims has been challenging and may have been much improved if their experiences and needs were better understood. This piece of research aimed to: Carry out a literature review of DV in mature women. Identify how the government and society in general support victims of domestic violence in recovery. Identify the counsellor’s role while caring for victims of DV. To provide an opportunity for mature women to speak of their experiences in order to highlight their experiences and to develop resources to support and inform mature women (Mears, 2002). To explore the prevalence of physical and verbal abuse among the study population (Mouton at el, 2004). This research will use a positivist approach, focusing on the dilemma a mature victim of DV often faces and the importance of the therapeutic relationship they hold with their counsellor. This approach focuses on gaining â€Å"positive† evidence from observable experience, rather than depending on intuition or assumptions on behalf of researchers. In particular, this approach believes that there are general patterns of cause-and-effect and that these can be used to predict natural phenomena such as DV. Research Methodology This dissertation will use review the literature and contain analysis of secondary data and the summarising of the literature’s findings on the topic of DV in mature women. Procedure This piece of research used a literature review to gather data on the topic of DV amongst mature women in the UK and beyond. The following key terms and words were used in various academic search engines including Web of Knowledge (http://wok.mimas.ac.uk/), Science Direct (www.sciencedirect.com) and PubMed (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed): Domestic violence AND mature women. Domestic abuse AND mature women. Domestic violence AND women. Due to a limit in the number of articles generated using these search terms, no exclusionary criteria were applied. Literature review This is a secondary review research project involving an extensive literature review on the topic of DV and its impact and effects on mature women. The material for this review was obtained from peer reviewed psychological and counselling journals, which were accessed through online journal databases such as PUBMED and CINAHL. Governmental reports such as those published by the Department of Health (2000), BACP (2000), World Health Organisation (WHO, 2004) and technical reports from scientific research groups and working papers from social welfare committees were also used within the research. This review adopted the â€Å"best evidence synthesis† method proposed by Franche et al. (2005). This method involves summarizing the literature and drawing up conclusions, based on the balance of evidence. Epidemiology and Economic Impact Domestic violence among mature women is a pressing national problem. As a recent report from the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2004) indicates, domestic violence   against mature women has increased   five-fold resulting in increased   depression, physical ill health, psychological effects and other mental health disorders (Scripps, 2013). In addition to the huge impact DV has on women, there is also a large economic cost. The Centre for Mental Health (2010) has reported an annual loss to the tune of  £30.3 billion due to mental health problems suffered by abused women, with over two thirds of this amount accounting for lost productivity within the workplace. Mental ill health which   may be the result of DV   has been identified as   the primary reason for ‘incapacity benefit payment’ and over   43% of the 2.6 million individuals presently on long-term ‘health-related benefits’ present with psychosocial behavioural disorder as their primary condition (Department of Work and Pensions, 2010). DV can also have a direct negative impact on witnesses. Hewitt (2002) claims that almost 90% of DV occurrences are witnessed either directly or indirectly by children. Furthermore, the British government have stated that women can be distressed by witnessing DV carried out against other women (He witt, 2002). The literature also reveals differences in the prevalence of DV between younger and older women. For example, mature women are two to three times more likely to report minor physical attacks such as been pushed grabbed roughly and shoving than men (Tjaden Thoennes, 1998). It has also been found that women are 7 to 14 times more likely than men to report serious physical attacks of DV that include having been strangled, threatened with weapons or use of weapons (Tjaden Thoennes, 1998). Barriers to Accessing Care The literature search highlighted a number of key differences between the experiences of younger and mature women when it comes to DV. For example, unlike younger women, older women may be even less aware of the services available to those experiencing DV. For example, Scott et al. (2004) reported that there is a widespread myth among service providers and women themselves that Women’s Aid and other DV services prioritise younger women and younger women with children. Friedman et al. (1992) have postulated that abused mature women volunteer to share their uncertainties and concern to their health practitioners the majority of the time. Those women that do not share their concerns   may not do so because of pride or shame. The other reason that mature women do not disclose DV is a fear of being judged by society and this has been challenged during the research as well as shortage of theoretical clarity concerning this matter since the majority of affected women were embarrassed to put across what they are facing and this has made data collection challenging. Zink et al. (2003) investigated the reasons for staying in an abusive relationship in women aged over 55 years. It was found that reasons could be divided into three categories: cohort effects, which included reasons such as lacking education or job skills, period effects such as rejection from help services or difficulty accessing services, and aging effects, which related to the physical limitations that their age can cause. These results suggest that although mature women experience similar barriers to leaving abusive relationships such as a lack of faith in their ability to find employment and support themselves, there are also barriers unique to mature women such as worries regarding their physical strength. Therefore, health workers and counsellors must be privy to these differences in order to improve the level of care and support that mature victims of DV receive. Theoretical Concepts There are a number of different theories that make be used to explain how DV comes about and what motivates its perpetrators.. For example, the social exchange theory (Emerson, 1976) offers a foundation for law enforcement and the prosecution of offenders. Furthermore, this assists in helping to explain how children who observe abuse mostly grow up to be abusers themselves. In contrast, a feminist approach may provide support for interventions targeted at supporting perpetrators to improve their behaviour   and helping to empower victims. However, looking at these theories they do not appear to provide an inclusive foundation and a comprehensive approach for dealing with the various underlying outcomes or scope of DV. The more integrated ecological framework theory (see for example, Heise, 1998) is the one that appears to provide the required basis for an inclusive approach. The ecological framework theory has been used to conceptualise DV as a multi-faceted and complex phenomenon that has its foundations in a multitude of different factors including those of a situational and socio-cultural foundation (Heise, 1998). Unlike other theories, this theory is not reductionist and acknowledges that DV can be the result of many different factors. Discussion This researcher sought to increase knowledge and understanding regarding DV against older women by allowing older women themselves to speak out about how they define domestic violence; their views about causes, reporting, interventions, and consequences for perpetrators; factors that deter or prevent help-seeking from the justice system and community agencies; and elements of outreach and intervention strategies they see as acceptable and/or desirable. Results and Conclusions: Two important constructs that emerged were Domestic Abuse (DA), which encompasses emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and Barriers to Help-Seeking (BHS), which appears to be closely related to the experience of victimization. In addition, eleven sub-concepts emerged from the data. Seven of these, Isolation, Jealousy, Intimidation, Protecting Family, Self-Blame, Powerlessness, and Spirituality, appeared to be related to both the experience of DA and BHS. An additional four factors defined as Secrecy, Hopeless ness, Concern for Abuser, and Justice were identified. This review has highlighted that violence amongst mature women has reached endemic proportions in most parts of the world. It also finds that no ethnic, racial, or socio-economic group is resistant from DV. Nonetheless, the review emphasized considerable heterogeneity in methodologies, sampling periods, sample sizes and the population studied. In some studies, ethnicity, age, and socio-economic status were not reliably recorded, resulting in difficulties in comparisons and evaluations. However, it must be emphasised that the WHO multi-country study   was a significant effort to amass globally similar statistics by the use of identical study approaches. There were a number of key methodological issues identified in the studies included in this literature review. A key weakness of surveys is that they   may not measure the real figures of abused women, especially as some abused women will be unwilling to reveal and report DV against them.   In view of problems associated with self-reports, it is likely that results are biased by both over-reporting and under-reporting (Koss, 1993). According to Krauss (2006) DV differs from nation to nation, and occasionally within the same culture. Therefore, there are cultural factors to take into account when comparing research. For example, in Asian cultures women are brought up with the belief that family needs are superior to individual members’ needs (Rydstrom, 2003). Though women from poor countries are possibly most pre-disposed to believe that men have a right to beat their wives, it has been found that women in developing and developed countries can also be inclined to beliefs which vindicate violence against them (Fagan and Browne 1994). Furthermore, there are cultural differences in the societal view of DV. For example, the review has shown that not every woman who suffers abuse identifies themselves as ‘battered’ women (Mahoney 1991). For example, Islamic nations do not view domestic violence a major issue, despite its increasing incidence and serious consequences. Extracts from religious tract s have been improperly used to validate violence against women, although abuse may also be the result because of culture as well as religion (Douki et al. 2003). Nonetheless, power issues and gender (Caetano et al. 2000), rather than race and ethnicity (Anderson 1997), are likely to be more significant in building and preserving male supremacy and the inequality of power between wives and husbands (Harris et al. 2005). Furthermore, various ethnic groupings are frequently distorted into one single class, for example Asians (Mobell et al. 1997). Due to this, statistics collected on violence amongst minority populations are regularly inadequate, thereby preventing meaningful generalizations. Waltermaurer (2005) argues that the choice of measuring and the practice used to establish the occurrence of domestic violence have important bearings on the occurrence rates being reported. The majority of television and film images, as well as the images in magazines, often display images of abused younger women who have children and this may give a false impression that domestic violence is not something that may occur later on in life. This literature review has found that in comparison to younger women, older women throughout their lives have been less aware of all services and treatments readily available for those going through DV. The previous Government legislated in the Crime and Security Act 2010 for the introduction of Domestic Violence Protection Notices (DVPN) and Domestic Violence Protection Orders (DVPOs). On the 30th of June 2012 the domestic violence protection notices and orders (DVPO) were introduced in West Mercia, Wiltshire and Greater Manchester through three p olice forces. The operations will continue for another year while the Home Office works hand in hand to assess the pilot and decide whether or not a permanent change in the law system is required.. The scheme gives victims who might or may have fled their homes the kind of support they may need. There was a gap in protection in DV before the scheme was founded in 2012. Previously, police were unable to charge perpetrators because of lack of evidence and also because the process of granting injunctions to the perpetrators took time. The (DVPO) scheme closes the gap between then and now and gives the police and the magistrate the power to protect a victim after the attack as soon as they possibly can and try to stop the perpetrator form getting in contact with the victim or returning home for up 28 days. Disclosure of being abused itself is insufficient to reduce the risk of adverse mental health outcomes for mature women who have been victims of DV unless the listener’s respon se to the disclosure was repeatedly supportive (Coker et al. 2002). Mature women report key characteristics of helpful encounters with health-care providers as non-judgemental, sympathetic and caring response (Gerbert et al. 1999). Public and private organizations have kept on enhancing their contributions in fighting DV. In the United Kingdom, The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act (2004)  furnishes superior power to police and the courts in dealing with cases of DV and in providing security to victims. Furthermore the British government has recently issued a national domestic violence action plan which sets fourth ambitious goals: Reduction in the occurrence of domestic violence Increase in the rate that domestic violence is reported increase the rate of domestic violence offences that are brought to justice Ensure victims of domestic violence are satisfactorily protected and supported nationwide Reduce the number of domestic violence related homicides. The review has shown that despite all Government initiatives towards domestic violence, healthcare agencies are still under-represented (Hague et al., 1996). It was not until the year 2000 that the Department of Health (DoH) started to take steps to implement   front-line interventions from health professionals by publishing two documents known as Domestic Violence: A Resource Manual for Health Care Professionals’ and ‘Principles of Conduct for Health Professionals’ (Department of Health, 2000a, 2000b). The aim of these documents was to integrate best practices recommended by the various governing bodies of differing health professionals. This documentation aims to provide guidance for healthcare professionals in their practice and daily interactions with women experiencing DV. After the publication of these documents, DV was seen for the first time as a health care issue as opposed to a mainly social care problem. The police and the criminal justice system cannot address the issue of domestic violence alone. The cost of protection for those women who experience domestic violence is of such a scale that it should be considered a major public health issue (Department of Health, 2000a: 2).   Validity and Reliability As most of the literature referred to in this research was phenomenological, there are some key methodological limitations. For example, phenenological research is often open to interpretation. In particular, the same words may have different meanings for different people (Beck, 1994). This may be of particular importance for the topic of DV as some women who are included as participants may report that they are abused but may not attach the same negative connotations that the researchers do. The most reliable estimates of the extent of domestic violence in England and Wales come from the Crime Survey of England and Wales (CSEW; formerly known as the British Crime Survey). The CSEW asks people about their experience as victims. Being a household survey, it picks up more crime than the official police figures, as not all crimes are reported to the police, let alone recorded by them. Two sets of figures are available from the CSEW: the first, collected from the survey’s inceptio n in 1981, come from the results of face-to-face interviews; the second, available from 2004/05, come from confidential self-completion modules, which respondents complete in private by responding to questions on a computer. The unwillingness of respondents to reveal experience of domestic violence to an interviewer means that the first measure significantly underestimates the extent of domestic violence. Conclusion The high occurrence of  Ã‚   DV experienced by mature women suggests that doctors and other healthcare professionals working in all areas of medicine must identify and explore the potential significance of DV when considering reasons why mature women present with ill health. The issue of DV against mature women should be integrated into medical training, therapist training and also into governmental policy. Heterogeneity within the methodology of the different studies discussed in this review has highlighted the significance of developing stronger definitions to improve coherence across findings during a literature search.   Future research work must try to recognize cultural differences when working with families and women of ethnic minorities. Contrary to   previous assumptions that mature women may consider DV as acceptable, results of a study found that mature women were able to identify abuse and actions seen as abusive, which demonstrates suggesting that care workers may be misinterpreting victims’ feelings. The study also demonstrates how the attitude of mature women has been altered over time, from something acceptable to something that must be dealt with. Society must stop viewing domestic violence against mature women as a problem which only affects women, as the issue is overall a public health issue. All forms of violence against mature women are abhorrent and support for those who have been abused in any form should be readily available. We need a clear and decisive answer for calls for help from the health sector, in collaboration with women’s organizations and other related public powers. As observed by Hamberger et al. (1992), future research is essential in order to help determine the reason behind some re-occurring factors that are prevalent in contributing toward cases of DV against mature women. A collective societal intervention is necessary to address the social determinants of DV. Counsellors, as frontline care providers, have an essential role to play in controlling the negative impacts of DV amongst mature women. Counsellors can be proactive in their approach and target vulnerable individuals and groups based on initial assessment or treatment programs. Counsellors and healthcare providers should effectively liaise with various governmental and non governmental agencies that participate in delivering individual treatment plans for mature victims of DV.  Ã‚   By improving the coordination between these participating agencies and the women that need intervention, healthcare providers can promote greater access to and utilization of these services. Future Work The researcher discovered that there is not much data available on the topic of DV in mature women from previous researchers. In future the researcher will conduct research herself when qualified enough to conduct research using questionnaires and interviews to collect qualitative data. REFERENCES Anderson, K. L. (1997). Gender, status, and domestic violence: an integration of feminist and family violence approaches. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(3), 655–669. Astbury, J., Atkinson, J., Duke, J.E., Easteal, P.L., Kurrle, S.E., Tait, P.R. and Turner, J. (2000) The impact of domestic violence on individuals. The Medical Journal of Australia, 173(8), pp. 427-431. Beck, C.T. (1994) Reliability and validity issues in phenomenological research. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 16(3), pp. 254-267. Centre for Mental Health (2010) Annual Review. Centre for Mental Health: London. Caetano, R., Cunradi, C., Clark, C., Schafer, J. (2000). Intimate partner violence and drinking patterns among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the U.S. Journal of Substance Abuse, 11(2), 123–138. Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Thompson, M. P., McKeown, R. E., Bethea, L.. and Davis, K. E. (2002) Social sup-port protects against the negative effects of partner violence on mental health. Journal of Women’s Health and Gender Based Medicine, 11(5), pp. 465-476. 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